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Anthropology Ch 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Political anthropology | examines how societies exercise political control |
| Power | the ability to induce behavior of others in specified ways by means of coercion or physical force |
| Authority | the ability to induce behavior of others by persuasion |
| Legitimacy | the perception that an individual has a valid right to leadership |
| Levels of socio-cultural | Band Tribe Chiefdom State (country) |
| integration and social-status types | Egalitarian Ranked Stratified |
| Egalitarian societies | Few differences between members in wealth, status, and power |
| Band | Foragers Nomadic Lack formal leadership or adjudication |
| Tribe | Defined groups linked together 100-5,000 people No centralized government |
| Ranked societies | Greater differentiation between individuals and their kin groups, hierarchy of prestige |
| Chiefdom | Permanent political office of chief, may be hereditary Economic redistribution Social integration through marriage and secret societies |
| Stratified societies | Elites (a numerical minority) control strategic resources that sustain life |
| Caste systems | Membership is determined by birth, no movement from one to another ( such as in class systems); endogamous marriage |
| State | Political power is centralized in a government that has a monopoly over the legitimate use of force |
| Nation | a group connected by language, territorial base, history, political organization |
| Totalitarian power | top-down concentration of power with suppression of traditional structures |
| Authoritarian power | top-down concentration of power within existing framework of traditional structures |
| Democratic power | bottom-up approach with power emanating from the populace |
| Democracy | a system of government in which eligible members of a population vote directly on legislation (direct democracy) or elect representatives to vote on legislation for them (representative democracy) |
| Republic | a state in which power is held by people and their elevated representatives The U.S. is a republic based on representative democracy |
| Political power structure | Unitary states Federal states Federalism |
| Unitary states | Power concentrated in central government with little independent power at other levels (province, U.S. state, county, city, etc) |
| Federal states | States based on the concept of federalism |
| Federalism | Political authority is not centralized, instead divided among federal, state, and local levels with each able to act independently of the level(s) above it. |
| Individualists | a single human being as distinct from a group, class, or family. |
| Moralists | a single human being as distinct from a group, class, or family. |
| Traditionalists | an advocate of maintaining tradition, especially so as to resist change. |
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