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EX2: emotion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| emotions in non-human animals | emotions are actions sets preparing the organism to select particular responses, designed to regulate behavior for evolutionary agendas, recruit metabolic support for actions |
| emotion | Strong feeling; excitement, A state of consciousness having to do with the arousal of feelings, distinguished from other mental state Any specific feeling; any of various complex reactions with both mental and physical manifestations |
| evolutionary-functional perspective | moves away from conscious feeling state to action tendencies and response patterns shared across species |
| tripartite structure of emotion | physiology, feelings, behavior |
| textbook definition of emotion | A set of physiological responses, action tendencies, and subjective feeling states that adaptively engage the organism to react to events of biological or personal significance |
| psychological theories of emotion | categorical/basic emotion theories, dimensional theories, component process (appraisal) theories), constructionist theories, semantic space theory |
| categorical/basic emotion theories | at least 6 basic emotions that are evolutionarily older with unique functions and universal expressions. evolutionarily newer complex/social emotions are combinations of the basic emotions or are non universal |
| dimensional theories of emotion | emotions are determined by their location in a dimensional space spanned by two core features: arousal (intensity) and valence (pleasantness) |
| component process (appraisal) theories of emotion | emotions emerge out of the dynamic interplay of a few cognitive appraisals of the situation you are in as it unfolds. cognition determines emotion (basis of CBT) |
| constructionist theories of emotion | emotions are constructed from core dimensions and appraisals of interoceptive states but differ according to each individuals learning history/experience. No universals for emotions; each instance of emotion is diff because it is constructed in the moment |
| semantic space theory | emotions form a semantic space that is defined by dimensionality (how many emotions can be differentiateds) , distribution (how are emotions distributed in the space) , and conceptualization (are emotions conceptualized as concepts or more general) |
| three Es of emotion (information processing stages) | evaluation, experience, expression |
| james-lange feedback theory of emotion | do we run from a bear because we are afraid OR are we afraid because we run?- reaction occurs prior to feeling because emotional stimulus first invokes bodily response which then invokes a feeling |
| cannon-bard thalamic theory of emotion | specialized emotional center in brain is hypothalamus autonomic functions too undifferentiated to produce unique emotional feeling states |
| papez emotional circuit | specialized emotional center in brain is cingulate gyrus, includes hippocampus in circuit and places cingulate cortex as the seat of emotional feeling |
| paul macleans visceral brain hypothesis | specialized emotional center in brain is hippocampus large pyramidal cells are emotional keyboard, seat of emotional feelings and integrator of emotional reactions |
| paul macleans limbic system theory | renamed the 'visceral brain' to the limbic system, added the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex to the circuit |
| anatomic grounds critiques of limbic system concept | connectivity with hypothalamus problematic (some brain stem structures directly connected to the hypothalamus were not included) |
| functional grounds critiques of limbic system concept | 'visceral brain' functions problematic: brain stem nuclei directly control viscera but are not included in circuit, may be category specific emotional circuits rather than. single generic system, no clear hierarchical organization |
| evolutionary grounds critiques of limbic system concept | ignores the potential role of the rest of the neocortex in emotions |
| role of neocortex | hemisphere asymmetry models |
| vertical integration models | fear learning system, somatic marker hypothesis |
| hemispheric asymmetry models (cortical contributions to emotion) | right hemisphere dominance hypothesis, valence hypothesis, hybrid models |
| right hemisphere dominance hypothesis | right hemisphere is dominant for emotional processing, evidence in facial expression, prosody in stroke |
| valence hypothesis | left hemisphere is specialized for processing positive emotions while the right hemisphere is specialized for processing negative emotions. evidence: EEG asymmetries in alpha band over PFC, depression |
| hybrid model | the valence hypotheses is true in PFC while posterior regions are right-hemisphere dominant. evidence: similar to valence hypothesis |
| left PFC activity asymmetry | associated with higher scores on the behavioral approach scale |
| fulcrum model of PFC hemispheric asymmetries in emotional function | the balance between positive and negative affect across individuals depends on how much PFC alpha asymmetry they exhibit. |
| james-lange theory of emotion | argued for the important role of feedback from the body to establish emotional feeling states, setting the stage for more contemporary models that emphasize ‘embodied’ cognition |
| cannon-bard theory | established one of the first parallel processing neurobiological models of emotion, emphasizing the role of the hypothalamus |
| Papez theory | articulated a neuroanatomical circuit of emotion that predated the limbic system theory |
| limbic system theory | long-standing model of emotion but has been questioned in recent years, particularly for its emphasis on hippocampus, lack of clear definition, and the notion that all emotions are subserved by a single circuit |
Created by:
justinem