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Topic 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anti-Semitism | hostility and discrimination toward Jews |
| chivalry | a code of ethics that knights were supposed to follow |
| capitalism | an economic system where a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners rather than the state |
| Crusades | military expeditions carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages to regain the Holy Land from Muslims |
| carruca | a heavy, wheeled plow |
| estate | a social or political class |
| fief | in Feudalism, the land given to a vassal |
| feudalism | a political and social order of the Middle Ages where nobles offered protection and land in return for service |
| feudal contract | in feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal |
| knight | a member of the heavily armored cavalry, a warrior on horseback |
| manor | an agricultural estate that a lord ran and peasants worked |
| medieval | relating to the Middle Ages |
| Magna Carta | the "Great Charter" of rights which King John was forced to sign by English nobles in 1215 |
| patron | someone who uses money or influence to support a person, cause, or institution |
| Renaissance | "rebirth" or "revival," a time of great artistic and intellectual accomplishments |
| sacrament | a Christian rite, such as baptism or marriage |
| serf | a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor, pay rent, and be subject to the lord's control |
| theology | the study of religion and God, the most highly regarded subject at medieval universities |
| vernacular | the language of everyday speech in a region |
| vassal | a man who served a lord in the military |
| Parliament | the representative government of medieval England |
| Charlemagne | leader of the Franks, Carolingian Dynasty, crowned emperor by the pope in 800 |
| Franks | Germanic group in present-day Germany/France |
| Kievan Rus | group that moved into Kiev/Russia, converted to Orthodox Christianity |
| Magyars | warrior group that moved into present-day Hungary, converted to Christianity |
| Al-Andalus | Muslim state of Spain |
| Capetian | ruling dynasty of France |
| Vikings | known for their ship-making skill and for attacking northern European towns |
| Hanseatic League | an alliance of northern European trading cities |
| Little Ice Age | starting in the 1300s, colder temperatures which led to shorter growing seasons and eventually the Great Famine |
| Black Death | the Bubonic Plague, caused by a bacteria on fleas on rats that spread on trade routes and killed 1/3 of Europe's population |
| Gothic | style of architecture that emerged in the Middle Ages, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, and tall pointed arches |
| 100 Years War | war between France and England over territory that lasted for 116 years and ended with a French victory |
| War of the Roses | English Civil war that began after the 100 Years War and led to the Tudors establishing a new dynasty |
| Joan of Arc | peasant girl who led the French army to victory in the 100 Years War but was later burned at the stake |
| Reconquista | completed by Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain in 1492, retook the country from Muslim rule |
| Carolingian Renaissance | Period during Charlemagne's reign when he encouraged learning and education |
| cathedral | the church of the bishop, places in medieval Europe where knowledge was made |
Created by:
Mrs. Marquardt