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sociology ch. 10
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Life chances | the concept that our likelihood of success is shaped by our access to valued material, social, and cultural resources |
| Stratification | a structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society |
| Slavery | a system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by others as property |
| Caste | a system in which boundaries between strata are clear, relations between levels are regulated, and social status is ascribed |
| Estate system | a system that divides power in society into three primary sectors: the church, the nobility, and the commoners |
| Social class | a system primarily based on socioeconomic status, both real and perceived |
| Social mobility | movement within or between society’s strata |
| Open system | a society with a system of stratification that allows for social mobility between strata |
| Closed system | a society with a system of stratification that does not allow for social mobility between strata |
| Horizontal mobility | the movement from one social position to another of the same rank (across |
| Vertical mobility | the movement from one social position to another of a different rank (up or down) |
| Intergenerational mobility | changes in social position of children relative to their parents |
| Intragenerational mobility | changes in social position within a person’s adult life |
| Income | money received over some period of time |
| Wealth | the total value of all material assets minus debts at a single point in time |
| Absolute poverty | a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below |
| Relative poverty | a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged as being disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole |
| meritocracy | a system in which a person’s social status is achieved through ability and effort |
| aristocracy | social status is ascribed and membership in the privileged ranks is inherited |
| Bourgeoisie | the ruling class under capitalism, due to their ownership of the means of production |
| Proletariat | the working class under capitalism who must sell their labor power in exchange for a wage |
| Class consciousness | the subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about change |
| False consciousness | an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect their objective position |
| Class | a group of people who have a similar level of economic resources |
| Status group | people who have the same perceived level of prestige |
| Prestige | the respect and admiration that a particular status holds in society |
| Socioeconomic Status (SES) | a measure of social class position based on a combination of education, occupation, and income |
| Party | the capacity to organize to accomplish some particular goal |
| Cultural capital | our tastes, knowledge, language, and ways of thinking that we exchange in interaction with others |
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