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Human Phys 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Choose all of the cells that refer to lymphocytes. T cells. neutrophils. B cells. NK cells. basophils. eosinophils. | T cells, B cells, NK cells |
| Choose all of the cells that refer to polymorphonuclear granulocytes: T cells. neutrophils. B cells. basophils. NK cells. eosinophils. | neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils |
| Choose all of the cells that function as phagocytes: T cells. macrophage. B cells. neutrophils. eosinophils. monocyte. | macrophage, neutrophils, monocyte |
| Polymorphonuclear granulocytes are part of innate immunity. true or false | true |
| Adaptive immunity is based on broad characteristics and patterns that many viruses or bacteria display on their surface. true or false | false |
| What is the definition of a phagocyte? It degranulates to kill antigen. It recognizes antigen by strain-specific markers. It "eats" antigen by engulfing it and then fusing it with a lysosome. All of these answers are correct. | It "eats" antigen by engulfing it and then fusing it with a lysosome. |
| which defines plasma cell? makes antibodies antigen-presenting cell destroys multicellular parasites not cells, but proteins with bacteria and virus killing capabilities | makes antibodies |
| which defines dendritic cell? makes antibodies antigen-presenting cell destroys multicellular parasites not cells, but proteins with bacteria and virus killing capabilities | antigen-presenting cell |
| which defines eosinophil? makes antibodies antigen-presenting cell destroys multicellular parasites not cells, but proteins with bacteria and virus killing capabilities | destroys multicellular parasites |
| which defines complement? | not cells, but proteins with bacteria and virus killing capabilities |
| define immunity | recognition of what is self and what is not self. defense against foreign invaders. ex. cancer cells, transplant organs |
| what are the components of the immune system? | cells & organs, cytokines, complement, antibodies |
| what are the 2 types of immunity? | adaptive and innate |
| define mast cells | found in connective tissues & in skin, important in wound healing & inflammatory response |
| define cytokines | chemicals & messenger of the immune system |
| define leukopenia | too few WBCs (AIDS) |
| define leukocytosis | too many WBCs (infection) |
| define high neutrophils | bacterial infection |
| define high lymphocytes | viral infection |
| what are innate responses? | general defense...attack invaders based on general properties -involve defense on body surfaces (skin, hair, mucus, etc.) and inflammation |
| what 2 cells do innate responses involve? | neutrophils and macrophages |
| what are adaptive responses? | body produces antibodies to a specific antigen |
| what cells do adaptive responses involve? | lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, NK cells) |
| define hyperemia | increased blood flow to wounded areas |
| what is capillarity permeability? | when fluid, cells, & proteins leak out from blood vessels to injured tissue (area becomes red, swollen, & has warm pus deposition) |
| Steps of inflammation? | 1) mast cells (tissue basophils) & damaged tissue cells release histamine and others that cause hyperemia and increase in capillarity permeability 2)chemotaxis 3)diapedesis 4)colony-stimulating factors 5)phagocytosis 6)complement 7)tissue repair |
| define chemotaxis | injured tissue release chemicals that draw phagocytes to area |
| define diapedesis | neutrophils and phagocytes squeeze through endothelial cells to reach site of infection |
| define colony-stimulating factors | released by damaged endothelial cells and macrophages to produce more WBCs |
| define phagocytosis | substances called opsonins bind to proteins on microbe and link phagocyte to microbe |
| define complement | inactive proteins circulating in the blood - can be activated by bacteria |
| what is MAC? | kills bacteria by creating holes in the bacteria membrane, causing the bacteria to lose water, ions, and fluid |
| define tissue repair | angiogenesis occurs, blood vessel cells proliferate (imperfect process due to scarring) |
| define antigen | compound foreign to the self (usually); in blood these are naturally occurring markers on the rbc membrane |
| define antibodies | proteins produced in response to an antigen; in blood these are already present in the blood plasma (not based on prior exposure to the antigen) |
| why are transfusion reactions dangerous if given the wrong blood type? | your blood will attack the donor's blood, leading to agglutination (clumping) in the donor's blood. this clumped blood will clog vessels (clot) and cause kidney failure or death. |
| what causes hemolytic disease in babies? | when the mother has Rh- blood and the baby has Rh+ blood, the mom will produce antibodies against the Rh+ blood, and attack her second baby's blood. This can be treated by the mother getting RhoGAM shots (anti-Rh antibodies). |
| Which is true? Primary lymphoid organs include spleen and lymph nodes Secondary lymphoid organs are where immune cells and antigen meet Secondary lymphoid organs include the bone marrow and thymus Primary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes divide | Secondary lymphoid organs are where immune cells and antigen meet |
| Lymph vessels: all of the answers are correct drain into the right atrium collect fluids from blood vessels and back to the cardiovascular system contain lymph | all |
| Cancer of the lymph nodes is called | lymphoma |
| Trafficking of lymphocytes ensures they will meet up with polymorphonuclear granulocytes increases chance the lymphocyte will meet specific antigen increases chance the lymphocyte will meet up with any antigen ensures they will meet with inflam. sites | increases the chance the lymphocyte will meet the antigen they are specific for |
| Type 1 Interferon is the way the immune system prevents viral replication in cells true or false | true |
| C3B is a complement protein that works as an opsonin true or false | true |
| Gap junctions are structures within cardiac muscle that allow ions to flow from one cell to another cell true or false | true |
| Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle contain: gap junctions desmosomes T tubules smaller cells | T tubules |
| The dup sound occurs when ___ valves close. The lub sound occurs when ___ valves close. | semilunar; AV |
| A stenotic valve refers to a ___ valve, and thus makes a ___ sound. An insufficient valve is a ___ valve, and makes a ___ sound. | narrowed; whistling; leaky; gurgling |
| A "lub gurgle dup" means a/an ___ valve. A "lub dup whistle" means a/an ___ valve. A ___ means a stenotic SL valve. A ___ means an insufficient SL valve. | insufficient AV; stenotic AV; "lub whistle dup"; "lub dup gurgle" |
| Blood pressure would increase in which of the following situations? Decreased peripheral resistance Increased viscosity Decreased plasma proteins Increased arteriole radius body-wide | Increased viscosity |
| match: Thick, highly elastic walls, large radii One layer, the endothelium Large smooth muscle layer, important for regulating blood flow to individual organs Thin walled, large radii, some have valves. blood reservoir. | arteries, capillaries, arterioles, veins |
| Taking a drug that increased the production of RBCs in your body would: Increase blood pressure Increase your blood viscosity Increase the peripheral resistance of the blood All of these are correct. | all |
| Please put the vessels in order starting with the vessel that leaves the left ventricle. | arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins |
Created by:
alaynak