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Colonial America
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The London Company | A joint-stock company chartered by King James I in 1606 to establish a colony in North America. |
| Jamestown | This was England's first permanent settlement in the New World. |
| Royal Colony | A type of colony directly governed by a monarch, where the king or queen appoints a governor and other officials to administer the territory. |
| General Assembly | This was the first representative government in British North America established in 1619. |
| Indentured Servant | A system where individuals agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas and basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing. |
| The Pilgrims | This group was a subset of Puritans who believed the Church of England was beyond reform and chose to separate, and having faced persecution in England for their beliefs wanted to escape. |
| The Mayflower Compact | The first document in the New World expressing the belief that a government's power should derive from those being governed. |
| Thanksgiving | A three-day feast that occurred after the Pilgrims; successful harvest in 1621. |
| The Puritans | A group that emerged from the English Reformation that strived to further change the Church of England, which they felt kept too much Catholic influence. |
| Massachusetts Bay Company | This was a joint-stock company that secured a royal charter from King Charles I. |
| "City Upon a Hill" | A society guided by their religious principles and to be an example for others. |
| John Winthrop | This was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who played a key role in its establishment and development. |
| The Quakers | A religious group that were a Christian denomination that emphasized direct experiences with God, often through silent worship and listening to an "inner light". |
| The Pennsylvania Colony | An English Colony established in 1681 that was known for its religious tolerance and diverse population. |
| William Penn | The founder of the Pennsylvania Colony, which was a haven for the Quakers. |
| Proprietary Colony | This was a type of British colony in the Americas that was established through the English crown granting land to one or more individuals, who was given significant governing rights. |
| The Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals that swept through the American colonies between the 1730s and the 1740s. |
| The Enlightenment | A European intellectual and cultural movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and human rights. |
| John Locke | An enlightenment thinker who developed a concept of natural rights and the social contract theory, who wrote "Treatise on Government". |
| Natural Rights | The concept of inherent rights belonging to individuals - such as the right to life, liberty, and property. |
| Social Contract Theory | People have the right, and the responsibility, to overthrow those who interfere with one's natural rights. |
| The Navigation Acts | A series of English laws passed, starting in 1651, designed to regulate colonial trade and promote British shipping. |
| The Albany Plan of Union | A 1754 proposal to create a unified government for the thirteen British North American colonies. |
| The French and Indian War | A North American conflict that was part of the larger Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. |
| Treaty of Paris | This agreement formally ended the French and Indian War, which resulted in France ceding nearly all of its North American possessions to Great Britain. |
| The Proclamation of 1763 | A British law passed by King George III that prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling West of the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War. |
| The Pontiac Rebellion | This was a conflict between Native American Tribes and the British in the Great Lakes region and the Ohio River Valley. |
| The Sugar Act | This law was officially known was the American Revenue Act of 1764, and was a British imposed tax on sugar, molasses, coffee, wines, and other goods |
| The Stamp Act | This was a British imposed tax on colonists in 1765, which was represented by a special stamp, on printed materials such as legal documents, newspapers, and playing cards. |
| The Townshend Acts | A series of British laws passed in 1767 that imposed taxes on goods imported into the American colonies including tea, paper, glass, lead, and paint. |
| The Quartering Act | This was a British law that required colonial governments to provide housing and provisions for British soldiers stationed in the colonies. |
| Patrick Henry | This was a key figure of the American Revolution, known for his powerful oratory skills and his advocacy for colonial rights. |
| The Continental Congress of 1765 | This was a meeting of delegates from nine American colonies in New York City, in October of 1765 with the purpose to coordinate a response to the Stamp Act. |
| The Sons of Liberty | A political organization in the Thirteen American Colonies that formed to advance the rights of colonists and oppose British taxation. |
| The Daughters of Liberty | A group of colonial women who actively participated in the resistance against British rule. |
| The Boston Massacre | A deadly clash between British soldiers and a group of Boston colonists on March 5th, 1770 that resulted in the death of five colonists. |
| The Boston Tea Party | An act of political protest by American colonists against the British rule that occurred on December 16th, 1773 at Griffin's Wharf in Boston, Massachusetts. |
| Tea Act of 1773 | This was a law designed to bail out the British East India Company by granting it a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies. |
| The Coercive Acts of 1774 | A series of four laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774, which were enacted after the Boston Tea Party and aimed to punish Massachusetts and assert British authority. |
| Boston Port Act | This act closed the port of Boston to all trade until the colonists compensated the East India Company for the destroyed tea from the Boston Tea Party. |
| Massachusetts Government Act | This act drastically reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature and increased the power of the royal governor. |
| Administration of Justice Act | This act allowed British officials accused of crimes in the colonies to be tried in Great Britain, or other colonies. |
| Quartering Act | This act required the colonists to provide housing and supplies to British troops in their homes or unoccupied buildings. |
| The Quebec Act | This act aimed to establish a permanent government for the Province of Quebec, and address the challenges of governing an already French-speaking, Catholic population. |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord | These were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. |
| Minutemen | These were members of the organized colonial militia in the New England colonies during the Revolutionary War. |
| The Second Continental Congress | This was a governing body of the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution during the American Revolution, which was established on May 10th, 1775. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | This was an armed uprising in colonial Virginia against Governor William Berkeley's government. |
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