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Pharmacology CH 3&22
Adverse reactions and prenancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Therapeutic effects | clinically desirable actions |
| Adverse effects | undesirable reactions |
| Toxic reaction | the desired effect is excessive |
| Side effect | dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome |
| Contraindication | an aspect of a patient’s condition that makes the use of a certain drug or therapy an unwise or dangerous decision |
| Idiosyncratic reaction | genetically related abnormal drug response |
| Drug Allergy | immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis |
| Interference with natural defense mechanisms | when a drug reduces the body’s ability to fight infections. |
| Teratogenic Effect | abnormality in fetal development caused by exposure to certain substances, such as drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy |
| Type I hypersensitivity | Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. ex. anaphylactic shock |
| Type II hypersensitivity | IgG or IgM antibodies. Antibody complex is fixed to a circulating blood cell causing lysis. Results in anemia |
| Type III hypersensitivity | aggregations of antigens and antibodies, where antibodies out number antigens forming clumps |
| Type IV hypersensitivity | Delayed hypersensitivity. Sensitized T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Manifests as allergic contact dermatitis |
| Dyspepsia | general discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen: symptoms bloating, nausea, and indigestion. |
| Stomatitis | a broad term that refers to any inflammation of the mouth and lips |
| Oral Mucositis | A specific type of stomatitis involving painful inflammation and ulcerations of the mucous membranes in the mouth (common side effect of cancer treatments) |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | Rare but serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. triggered by severe reaction to medications or, less commonly, infections |
| Erythema multiforme | is an acute, immune-mediated skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of distinctive target-like (bullseye) lesions. triggered by infections or medications= |
| Necrosis | premature death of cells or tissues in the body ex. injury, infection, or lack of blood flow |
| Urticaria | hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts or bumps |
| Teratogenic | can cause birth defects or harm to a developing baby during pregnancy |
| Pregnancy Trimesters | lasting about three months |
| Risk to Benefit Ratio | compare the potential risks and benefits of a decision or treatment |
| Contraindicated | something, like a medication or treatment, should not be used because it could be harmful in certain situations. |
| Lactation | process of producing milk in the breasts after childbirth |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | condition in babies cause by a mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy, physical and mental disabilities |
| Neonate | newborn baby, specifically within the first 28 days of life |
| Syndactyly | two or more fingers or toes are fused together, either partially or completely at birth |
| Oligodactyly | person is born with fewer than the usual number of fingers or toes |
| Spina bifida | the spinal cord doesn’t develop properly, leaving a gap in the spine |
| Jaundice | skin and eyes turn yellow due to a buildup of bilirubin, sign of liver problems |
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