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Inequality Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the conservative thesis? | justifies inequality, defends existing hierarchy, believes in the "natural order", capitalist markets |
| What is the radical antithesis? | against inequality; believes society needs to change; rejects the existing hierarchy |
| What did Plato believe? | in universal education and that children should be raised communally apart from their parents (was a Communist) |
| Who was Aristotle? | Plato's student; rejected his principles and believed in "natural order" |
| What did Jesus think of rich people? | He was very critical of them |
| What is aeseticism? | A life free of material things; monks lead an aesetic lifestyle |
| What is meritocracy? | belief that inequality is the individual's fault and their lack of success isn't society's fault; "If I can get rich, you can, too - just work harder" |
| The way goods are distributed & produced in a society | economy |
| How were goods distributed in a hunter-gatherer society? | evenly/equally |
| Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? | England |
| What was industrialization? What did it lead to? | where people went to work in factories; led to urbanization because people moved to cities for their jobs. |
| Capitalism is an economic system defined by what? | private ownership of the means of production; production undertaken for a profit, markets are used to distribute wealth |
| Describe transatlantic slave trade | slavery in the U.S. was industrial; people were needed for labor, it was race-based; people were enslaved on an industrial scale |
| What is hegemonic masculinity? | societal norms/expectations of a man; "They need to provide for their families" |
| What is the crisis of masculinity? | Men are falling behind; debates over masculinity/masculine norms, men starting to fall behind women in different areas, men struggling to meet demands of hegemonic masculinity - economically impossible for man to be breadwinner to support entire families |
| Ideology that markets are the best way to organize society; believes in privitazation, thinks there should be cuts to welfare and state budgests (cutting taxes); believes in free trade | neoliberalism |
| The increased economic, cultural, and politcal interconnection around the planet | globalization |
| What is the second shift? | The double burden of women working at a job then going home and being primary caretakers and nurturers for children |
| labor necessary for providing the physical, emotional, and social support to individuals requiring assistance | care work |
| the labor necessary to raise and support the working class - ensures the "reproduction" of the sustem; usually unpaid and done by women | reproductive labor |
| economic activity outside of formal oversight/regulation | informal economy |
| a person's level of prestige within a community of recognition | status |
| Type of capital - "who" you know | social capital |
| Type of capital - "what" you have | cultural capital |
| Type of capital - "how much" you have | economic capital |
| Type of capital - how you speak, the physical way you move, how you're socialized, carry yourself | cultural capital habitus |
| Paying for a namebrand, not buying for function, buying to send a message and show status | conspicuous consumption |
| leisure and travel as a representation of status | "The Leisure Class" |
| experiences over things (nature, family, community) | existential |
| What is affirmative action? | an umbrella term referring to a collection of policies and practices designed to address past wrongs |
| May be provided in the form of compensation, restitution, rehabilitation, satisfaction, and guarantee of non-repetition | reparations |
| the shifting of production or work to a subcontractor, often in a low-wage country | outsourcing |
| What two things have contributed to globalization? | Free trade organizations such as NAFTA and outsourcing |
Created by:
aaswell