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Abdominal Sonography
EXAM 2 PREP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What results in a rise in serum bilirubin? | Excessive amount of red blood cell destruction, Malfunction of liver cells, and blockage of ducts leading from cells |
| What frequency transducer should be used for an average adult abdomen? | 2.5 to 5 MHZ |
| According to Couinad's system of hepatic nomenclature, what is the name of segment V? | Right anterior inferior |
| The liver converts excess sugars in the body to what starch for storage? | Glycogen |
| What separates the liver into right and left lobes? | Main lobar fissure |
| What direction of flow is present in the portal vein? | Hepatopetal |
| What ligament separates the left lobe of the liver from the caudate lobe? | Ligamentum venosum |
| What is a normal tongue-like variant of the right lobe of the liver? | Reidel's lobe |
| What vessels make up the portal triad? | Hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct |
| What best describes normal liver texture? | Greater than the right kidney, less than the pancreas and spleen |
| Which protein produced by the liver functions as a transport medium for some molecules? | Albumin |
| Hematologic diseases associated with a breakdown of large numbers of red blood cells results in what lab value? | Increase in indirect bilirubin |
| According to Couinad's system of hepatic nomenclature, what is the name of segment VIII? | Right anterior superior |
| What is the normal size of the liver measured from the inferior tip to the dome/diaphragm interface? | Less than 15cm |
| The liver receives oxygenated blood from which vessels? | Hepatic artery and Portal vein |
| What is the byproduct of hemoglobin conjugation in the liver? | Bilirubin |
| What is the thin connective tissue layer that surrounds the liver? | Glisson's capsule |
| The liver converts dietary sugars into what energy source for use in the body? | Glucose |
| What structure makes up the right ear in the "Mickey Mouse Sign"? | Common duct |
| What is the normal diameter of the common bile duct? | Less than 6mm |
| What is a function of the gallbladder? | Reservoir for bile |
| A phyrgian cap of the gallbladder is? | Folding of the gallbladder fundus |
| Which of the following is considered an intrahepatic bile duct? | Right Hepatic Duct |
| In a 50 year old adult, the normal common bile duct shoudl not measure more than ? mm | 6 |
| What is the name of the circular muscle fibers that regulate the flow of bile into the duodenum? | Sphincter of Oddi |
| What term is defined as dilation of the gallbladder? | Hydrops |
| What term is used to describe an extrahepatic mass compressing the CBD resulting in an enlarged GB? | Courvoisier's Sign |
| What is the relationship of the common bile duct to the portal vein? | Anterior |
| What enzyme causes contraction of the gallbladder? | Cholecystokinin |
| What ducts combine to form the common bile duct? | Common hepatic and cystic |
| Which vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the gallbladder? | Cystic Artery |
| The valves of Heister are tiny valves found within the? | Cystic Duct |
| When does concentration of bile occur? | During fasting |
| What term is used to describe removal of the gallbladder? | Cholecystectomy |
| What is considered normal GB wall thickness? | < 3mm |
| What is the correct patient prep for a sonographic examination of the Gallbladder and bile ducts? | NPO for at least 6 hours |
| Which vein courses in a sagittal plane and passes posterior to the neck of the pancreas? | Superior mesenteric |
| Which structure is located in the anterolateral border of the pancreas? | Gastroduodenal Artery |
| The splenic artery is considered to be along which border of the pancreas? | Superior |
| The normal size of the pancreatic duct at the pancreatic head is less than ? mm | 3 |
| What performs the exocrine function of the pancreas? | Acini Cells |
| What is the correct anatomic location of a structures adjacent to the spleen? | The left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen |
| The head of the pancreas lies? | Medial to the duodenum |
| The best patient position to evaluate the spleen is? | Right lateral decubitus |
| The main pancreatic duct joins which structure before entering the second part of the duodenum? | Common bile duct |
| What are the microscopic collections of cells within the tissues of the pancreas? | Islets of Langerhans |
| What structure passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head? | Common bile duct |
| A spleen that has migrated from its normal location is termed? | Wandering Spleen |
| True statements about the spleen | *Lies inferior to the diaphragm *Normal adult spleen measures approximately 7cm in width *Lies posterior to the hypochondrium |
| If the celiac axis is well visualized, the sonographer should move the transducer in the ? direction to image the pancreas. | Inferior |
| The splenic vein courses along the posterior border of the? | Pancreas |
| Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the? | Splenic artery |
| True statements about the pancreas | *Head of pancreas is anterior to the IVC *Uncinate process is posterior to the SMV *GDA is the anterolateral border of the head |
| The majority of the pancreas lies within which abdominal cavity? | Retroperitoneum |
| What vessel runs posterior to the neck of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process? | SMV |
| What is the name of the primary pancreatic duct? | Wirsung |
| What is the name of the secondary pancreatic duct? | Santorini |
| What vessel is seen posterior to the IVC in a sagittal plane? | Right renal artery |
| What lab value is the measurement of the kidneys ability to concentrate urine? | Specific Gravity |
| What is the term used to describe the presence of pus in the urine? | Pyuria |
| What term describes the presence of blood in the urine? | Hematuria |
| The right kidney is in contact with the? | Liver, colon, and adrenal gland |
| The renal pelvis lies within the hilus of the kidney and receives? | Major Calyces |
| What term describes a cystlike enlargement of the distal end of the ureter? | Ureterocele |
| A cortical bulge in the lateral border of the kidney is called? | Dromedary Hump |
| What is the functional unit of the kidney? | Nephron |
| What term describes the process of disposing metabolic wastes? | Excretion |
| During filtration, blood flows into the glomerulus through the ? arteriole and leaves through the ? arteriole | Afferent, efferent |
| What is the name for the renal fascia? | Gerota's Fascia |
| What lies just outside of the renal capsule? | Perinephric Fat |
| Which portion of the kidney contains the pyramids? | Medulla |
| The left renal vein courses? | Anterior to the aorta |
| What cavity contains the kidneys? | Retroperitoneal |
| The renal arteries are ? branches of the aorta that are located just inferior to the ? | Lateral, SMA |
| The left kidney is in contact with the? | Spleen, Stomach, and Pancreas |
| What is the most common location for renal ectopia? | Pelvis |
| A potential space located between the liver and right kidney is? | Morison's Pouch |
| What is the most echogenic portion of the kidney? | Sinus |
| Head of pancreas is ? to the IVC | Anterior |
| Uncinate process is ? to the SMV | Posterior |
| Spleen lies ? to diaphragm | Inferior |
| Spleen lies ? to hypochondrium | Posterior |
| Normal adult spleen width | 7cm |
Created by:
marissagirl