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QuestionAnswer
Visual examination Urine presumptive test- look for color and odor
Alternate light source Urine presumptive test- Urine fluoresces
Chemical analysis Urine presumptive test- Detects urea, creatine, phosphate
DMAC Urine presumptive test- Detects urea
Urease assay Urine presumptive test- tests for urease
Jaffe color test Urine presumptive test- reacts picric acid with creatine.
Tamm-Horsfall protein detection - ELISA, RSID Urine Confirmative test
LC-MS 17 ketosteroids Confirmative test- Indicates urine
Dermcidin Bio marker for sweat
Sweat tests ELISA or mRNA assay
Schlesinger fecal test- Identification test - tests for urobilinoids
Edelman test Fecal identification test - tests for urobilinoids.
Proteolytic tests for presence of pepsins
Vomit- Dark red stomach bleeding
Vomit- red fresh blood
Starch-iodine saliva presumptive test- tests for amylase
Phadebas Dye-conjugate starch substrate releases color when cleaved by amylase
RSID saliva Saliva confirmatory test - monoclonal antibodies
SALIgAE saliva confirmatory test- tests for monoclonal antibodies
Saliva composition Water, electrolytes, proteins, antibodies, and enzymes
Amylase Breaks down carbohydrates
Composition of semen Sperm cells, seminal plasma, containing enzymes, sugars, and proteins
Semen ALS Fluoresces under 450-495 nm
Colorimetric acid phosphatase presumptive test for semen
Fluorometric AP test Semen presumptive test- uses MUP substrate producing fluorescence
Christmas tree stain Acrosomal cap
Laser capture Microdissection Semen confirmatory test- isolates spermatozoa for DNA analysis
PSA identification Confirmatory test for semen- Immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis
Seminal vesicle-specific Antigen detection Immunochromatography and ELISA
RNA- based assays Detect semen specific mRNA markers
ABA card Species test- Uses monoclonal antihuman Hb antibodies
Hexagon OBTI detects human hemoglobin provides T and C lines
RSID blood Uses antibodies specific to human GPA
Ring assay Blood extract layered over antihuman serum
Ouchterlony assay Multiple wells in agar precipitation line indicate antigen relationship
Kastle meyer Presumptive blood test
Leucomalachite green (LMG) blood tests
Luminol presumptive blood test
Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) presumptive blood test
Basic mechanism AH2 + ROOH(peroxide) -- A (oxidized colored product) + ROH(alcohol) + H2O
O-tolidine print enhancement - blood
Collodion Bloody print enhancement
Ninhydrin Protein enhancement - reacts with amino acids
Amido Black Protein enhancement- stains proteins in blood blue-black
Workflow for biological evidence Visual examination- preumptive assay- confirmatory assay- species identification- DNA profiling- Identification and individualization
ELISA Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Immunochromatographic assay Tests based on antigen antibody reactions- used to identify fluids- saliva, blood, semen
Antigens Foreign substances capable of reacting with antibodies
Antibodies Proteins that specifically bind to antigens
Polyclonal antibodies produced by different B lymphocyte clones; recognize multiple epitopes on an antigen
Monoclonal Antibodies Produced from immortal hybridoma cells; recognize a specific epitope
Takayama test Confirmative test for blood
 

 



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