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Chapter 9 APUSH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did the 2nd Continental Congress call for in 1776 regarding state governments? | For the colonies to draft new state constitutions. |
| How did Massachusetts uniquely approach writing its constitution? | It called a special convention and submitted the draft to the people for approval. |
| What was the intended role of written state constitutions during this period? | To serve as fundamental laws, superior to ordinary legislation. |
| Which states moved their capitals westward during the Revolutionary era? | New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. |
| What kind of democracy came before political democracy in the U.S.? | Economic democracy. |
| What happened to U.S. trade after independence? | Limited trade with Britain forced the U.S. to produce more domestically. |
| How was the post-war economy for most Americans? | Poor; many were worse off economically than before the war. |
| What was the first written constitution of the U.S.? | The Articles of Confederation. |
| When was the Articles of Confederation adopted and ratified? | Adopted in 1777, ratified by all 13 states in 1781. |
| How did the Articles of Confederation help with foreign relations? | It convinced France that the U.S. had a legitimate government. |
| What was a key purpose of the Articles of Confederation? | To unite the colonies for common issues like foreign affairs. |
| What were two major weaknesses of Congress under the Articles? | 1) No power to regulate commerce; 2) No power to enforce tax collection. |
| Why is the Articles of Confederation still important despite its flaws? | It was a stepping stone toward the U.S. Constitution. |
| What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do? | It allowed land in the Old Northwest to be sold to help pay the national debt. |
| What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 establish? | A plan for admitting new states and banned slavery in the Northwest Territories. |
| When could a territory apply for statehood under the Northwest Ordinance? | When its population reached 60,000. |
| Why didn’t Britain make trade agreements with the U.S. after independence? | Britain thought it could regain trade without changing its Navigation Laws. |
| Why did Britain keep troops in the U.S. after the Revolution? | To maintain the fur trade and keep Native Americans allied. |
| How did Spain act toward the U.S. post-independence? | It was unfriendly and closed the Mississippi River to American trade in 1784. |
| What was Shay's Rebellion? | A 1786 uprising by farmers in western Massachusetts protesting foreclosures and taxes. |
| What was the outcome of Shay’s Rebellion? | It was crushed, but it highlighted the need for stronger government. |
| What did the 1786 Annapolis Convention try to address? | Problems with interstate commerce. |
| Who saved the Annapolis Convention and called for a new one in Philadelphia? | Alexander Hamilton. |
| When did the Constitutional Convention begin and who was elected leader? | May 25, 1787; George Washington was elected leader. |
| What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention? | To preserve revolutionary ideals and build a stronger political system. |
| What did the delegates decide to do with the Articles of Confederation? | Scrap them and create a new Constitution. |
| What was the "large-state plan" and who proposed it? | Representation based on population; proposed by Virginia. |
| What was the "small-state plan" and who proposed it? | Equal representation regardless of size; proposed by New Jersey. |
| What did the Great Compromise establish? | Population-based House of Representatives and equal Senate (2 senators per state). |
| What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? | Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation. |
| When did the Constitution call for the end of the slave trade? | end of 1807 |
| What state didn’t attend the Constitutional Convention? | Rhode Island |
| What economic and political beliefs did the Constitutional Convention members share? | Sound money, protection of property, strong government with checks and balances. |
| Who were the Anti-federalists and what did they oppose? | Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee; they opposed a strong central government. |
| Who were the Federalists and what did they support? | George Washington, Benjamin Franklin; they supported the Constitution and strong federal government. |
| Which 9 states ratified the Constitution first? | Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire. |
| Which were the 4 "Laggard States"? | Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island. |
| Which states ratified the Constitution after it went into effect? | North Carolina and Rhode Island. |
| Why did the last 4 states finally ratify the Constitution? | They realized they couldn’t exist safely outside the Union. |
| How did the Constitution represent the people according to its framers? | Through each branch—executive, judicial, and legislative. |
| What was the Society of the Cincinnati? | A hereditary order formed by Continental Army officers. |
| What did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom state? | Religion should not be imposed; individuals choose their own faith. |
| Who founded the first anti-slavery society and when? | Philadelphia Quakers in 1775. |
| What did the 1st Continental Congress call for in 1774? | Complete abolition of the slave trade. |
| What is “Civic Virtue”? | The idea that democracy relies on citizens' unselfish commitment to the public good. |
| What is “Republican Motherhood”? | The belief that mothers should raise children with republican values and civic responsibility. |
Created by:
nataliemc16