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Anthropology Ch 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Subsistence systems | the set of practices used by members of a society to acquire food |
| Foodways | the cultural norms and attitudes surrounding food and eating |
| Carrying capacity | number of people (or other living organisms) that an area can support without environmental degradation |
| Modes of subsistence | Foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture |
| Foraging | Relies on wild plant and animal food resources already available in the environment |
| Pastoralism | Relies on herds of domesticated livestock |
| Animal domestication | process in which wild animals are transformed into work, food, or companion animals for humans though artificial selection |
| Horticulture | Relies on small gardens that move periodically |
| Shifting cultivation | Shifting fields every 2-7 years to maintain productivity |
| Slash and burn | Cut down vegetation and burn to release nutrients faster |
| Multicropping | growing two or more crops on the same piece of land within a single growing season or year |
| Intercropping | growing one crop among others of a different kind. |
| Agriculture | Cultivation of domesticated plants and animals using technologies such as irrigation, draft animals, mechanization, and chemical inputs |
| 1st agricultural revolution | humans began to influence food availability |
| Incipient agriculture | cultivation of wild plants |
| Plant domestication | process in which wild plants are transformed into agricultural and horticultural plants through artificial selection |
| Farming communities | Rice, wheat, and corn were among the first plants domesticated |
| Global agricultural system | Enough food production exists to feed all the people on the planet, but unequally distributed |