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Exam 1 AP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| top layer of the epidermis | stratum corneum |
| second topmost layer of the epidermis | stratum lucidum |
| third topmost layer of the epidermis | stratum granulosum |
| fourth topmost layer of the epidermis | stratum spinosum |
| last layer before the basement membrane of the epidermis | stratum basale |
| top layer of the dermis | papillary layer |
| bottom layer of the dermis | reticular layer |
| fat layer of skin, below epidermis and dermis | hypodermis |
| cancer of the cell | carcinoma |
| basal cell carcinoma | Basale cells that reproduce like crazy, cancerous |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | can spread, flat looking |
| malignant melanoma | birth mark or freckle that changes, not an even circle, lopsided |
| tinea | fungi skin disorder |
| first degree burn | only epidermis is burnt |
| second degree burn | epidermis and some of the dermis is burnt |
| third degree burn | all of the epidermis and dermis are burnt, need a skin graft |
| fourth degree burn | die from injuries from the burn |
| rule of nines | each section of your body is 9%, so your arm is 9% and your abdomen is 18% |
| rule of palms | seeing how bad a burn is based on how many hands of the patient can fit onto that section. |
| simple squamous | flat, one layer |
| stratified non-keratinized squamous | multiple layers, no keratin- top will be moist |
| stratified keratinized squamous | multiple layers, top will be waterproofed |
| simple cuboidal | one cube layer, kidneys and ovaries protection |
| stratified cuboidal | multiple layers of cube shaped cells, friction |
| simple columnar | simple layer of column shaped cells, has goblet cells in it, can protect from acids in digestive system |
| stratified columnar | multiple layers of column shaped cells, restricts friction |
| pseudostratified columnar | look like p's and b's, squished together, near basement membrane |
| transitional | all the cells don't touch the basement membrane and look different. bladder |
| areolar | connective tissue, like flexible glue |
| reticular | connective tissue, 3d web |
| adipose | connective tissue, fat |
| chondroblasts | makes fibers and matrix |
| chondrocytes | cartilage cell |
| hyaline | weak, thin collagen, so we can extend chest cavity |
| elastic | middle for strength, allows stretching, external ear |
| fibrous | strongest, spine |
| canalcili | communication between canal and cells |
| lamella | bone layers |
| hematopsis | blood that is made and processed |
| anticoagulant | when the clots are all close together |
| erythocytes | red blood cells, thinner in the middle of the cell, sickle cell disease |
| neutrophil graunalocytes | leukemias |
| eosinophil granulocytes | fights allergies and parasites |
| basophil granulocytes | make antibodies, blood has tons of lymphocytes (t-cells) |
| lymphocyte agranulocytes | makes antibodies (b-cells) |
| monocyte agranulocytes | slow chronic infections |
| contradile | muscle cells shorten |
| race car engine, fast but doesn't go far | skeletal |
| race car engine and freight train, goes fast and far | cardiac |
| freight train engine, goes far but slow | smooth |
| merocrine | simple diffusion, salivary gland, sweat gland |
| apocrine | blowing up the top, mammary glands |
| holocrine | ruptures the cell, once ruptured the product comes out, oil glands of the skin |
| cutaneous | skin, protection |
| synovial | lines joints |
| serous | lines body cavities |
| hyperplasia | making too many cells too fast |
| hypertrophy | cells increase in size |
| neoplasia | new growth of cells |
| atrophy | cells/tissues shrink in size |
| necrosis | death of tissue |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death, like menstruation |