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AC Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| element | a form of matter that cannot be broken down |
| matter | a solid, liquid, or gas that has mass and takes up space |
| compound | a substance that consists of two or more elements bonded together in the same ratio every time |
| molecule | one particle of a compound |
| chemical formula | the symbols of the elements in a whole number ratio to represent molecules, compounds, ions, etc. |
| diatomic molecule | a molecule of two atoms of the same element, for example H2, O2, F2, Cl2 |
| conservation of mass | matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction |
| solid | matter with a definite volume and definite shape |
| liquid | matter with a definite volume but it takes the shape of its container |
| gas | matter with an indefinite shape and volume |
| temperature | the average kinetic energy of the particles |
| kinetic molecular theory | all molecules and atoms are in constant motion and this motion is different for the three phases of matter |
| normal melting point | the temperature at normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm) at which a substance changes from solid to liquid |
| normal boiling point | the temperature at normal atmospheric pressure (1 atm) at which a substance changes from liquid to gas |
| potential energy | stored energy in a material |
| vaporization | a change from liquid to gas |
| sublimation | a change from solid to gas without becoming a liquid in between |
| pure substance | a substance that contains only one kind of matter (element or compound) |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent |
| solute | the part of a solution that there is less of. It is dissolved in a solvent. |
| solvent | a substance present in a larger amount in a solution. |
| colloid | a mixture that contains particles that aren't dissolved but small enough to remain suspended. |
| suspension | a heterogenous mixture where the particles will settle out over time |
| uniformity | how consistent a material is throughout |
| elasticity | the property of a material to return to its normal size or shape after a force has been applied to it |
| malleability | the property of a material to be able to be hammered into various shapes without breaking |
| composite | a solid heterogeneous mixture that makes use of the properties of each component |
| metal | an element that has the properties of conductivity, malleability, and ductility. Metal elements lose electrons to form positive ions. |
| nonmetal | an element that does not have the properties of conductivity, malleability, and ductility. They tend to form negative ions. |
| luster | shininess |
| conductivity | the property of transmitting heat and electricity within a substance |
| ductility | the ability to be pulled out into a wire |
| reactivity | a property that describes how readily a substance will react with other substances |
| metalloid | an element that has some properties of metals and some of nonmetals |
| alloy | a homogenous mixture of metals |
| polymer | a substance that is a macromolecule (large molecule) made of many similar small molecules (monomers) bonded together in long chains. |
| polymerization | a chemical reaction that converts monomers into polymers |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms with an overall positive or negative charge |
| electron | a subatomic particle (particle in an atom) that is outside the nucleus, has a charge of -1, and a VERY SMALL mass |
| flame test | an experimental test that identifies a metal from its characteristic flame color |
| nucleus | the very dense (and positive) core of an atom that contains the subatomic particles (particles smaller than an atom) of protons and neutrons. |
Created by:
mharms
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