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Perio Quiz 3 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Types of Oral Epithelium (3) | Lining Mucosa Masticatory Mucosa Specialized Mucosa |
| What is the oral mucosa and what 2 tissue types is it composed of? | The lining of the oral cavity (a mucous membrane) composed of connective tissue (lamina propria) covered with stratified squamous epithelium. |
| Layers of oral mucosa from outer to inner? | Epithelium (includes papillary layer) Lamina propia Reticular layer Submucosa Periosteum Bone |
| 2 Functions of the oral mucosa? | 1.) Acts as a barrier to bacterial invasion and mechanical irritation 2.) Offers protection against dryness |
| General function of epithelium? | Protection |
| How does epithelium aid in protection? | 1.) Cells produce protein carbohydrate complex which is adhesive. 2.) Mechanical linkages through desmosomes, gap junctions and tight junctions. |
| What are gap junctions? | hollow tubes or bridges connecting cell membranes |
| What is the basement membrane | the junction of oral epithelium and connective tissue. |
| Two layers of the basement membrane? | Basal lamina and reticular lamina |
| Basal lamina | next to and produced by epithelium |
| Reticular lamina | next to and produced by connective tissue |
| How is the basal lamina connected to the epithelium? | Hemidesmosomes |
| Difference between ortho and para keratinization? | Ortho is completely keratinized, para is partially keratinized and the cells still have their nuclei. |
| Filiform papillae shape and function and location | Hair-like, grips food with keratinized surface, anterior 2/3 of tongue |
| Fungiform papillae shape and function and location | Mushroom-shaped, function is sensory: taste, temp and touch, anterior surface and sides |
| What causes hairy tongue? | Overgrowth of filiform papillae |
| Foliate papillae shape and function and location | leaf like, senses textures, tastes, side of tongue |
| Circumvallate papillae shape and function and location | V-shaped, taste, very back of tongue |
| Histology of the attached gingiva? | a thick layer of mainly parakeratinized epithelium over a lamina propria. It is vascular. |
| Histology of the mucogingival junction? | a zone between the keratinized attached gingiva and the nonkeratinized alveolar mucosa and thus between a masticatory mucosa and a lining mucosa. |
| Histology of the masticatory mucosa? | Covers the cushioned lateral portion of the hard palate. Consists of orthokeratinized epithelium, lamina propria, overlying palatal bone, and thin layer of submucosa. |
| What does the basement membrane separate? | Oral epithelium and CT |
| Where is submucosa found? | between CT and bone |
| Characteristics of submucosa? | May/may not be present Consists of delicate loose fatty and glandular tissue Blood vessels and nerves Not found on dorsal tongue, hard palate or the gingiva |
| Recap: General function of Oral Epithelium? | Protection and mechanical barrier |
| Describe what the turnover of oral epithelium is like? | Continuous renewal due to mitotic activity of basal layers |
| Cells in the oral epithelium are blank together. | Tight |
| Oral epithelium can be what three types of keratinized? | Orthokeratinized, non or parakeratinized |
| Location of the masticatory mucosa? | Hard palate and alveolar ridges |
| Function of masticatory mucosa? | Withstands and protects during mastication. |
| Location of lining mucosa? (5) | Cheeks, lips, soft palate, ventral tongue, floor of mouth. |
| How does masticatory and lining mucosa differ? | Masticatory is keratinized, lining mucosa is not. |
| Structural difference between the histology of the attached gingiva vs soft palate? | The attached gingiva has a thick keratinized layer because it is taking a lot of force during the day in comparison to the soft palate |
| What is the DENTOGINGIVAL JUNCTION | Junction between tooth surface and gingival tissue |
| The combination of the sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium create what? | Dentogingival tissues. |
| What does the term "epithelial attachment" collectively refer to? | The collective attachment of the sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium, and cementum of the tooth. |
| Function of the epithelial attachment? | Protective: The oral environment is no longer able to penetrate below the gum line. |
| Sulcular epithelium lines what? | The sulcus |
| What is biologic width. | From the top of the junctional epithelium to the top of the alveolar crest, the width must be 1.5-2 mm wide. |
| Why is biologic width important? | If JE starts resorbing due to trauma, the bone will start resorbing as well to maintain biologic width. |
| What will this resorption cycle create? | Bone loss and a deeper pocket. |
| Can the bone heal? | No |
| Can the pocket heal? | It can reattach |
| What will healing of the pocket create? | A longer JE, because the JE attachment point will remain in the same spot. |
| What else can cause this resorptive cycle process? | Placing a crown or filling too close to the biologic width. |
| What cells play a crucial role in the formation of the dentogingival unit? | ameloblasts |
| Function of ameloblasts? | After completion of the enamel, they produce the primary enamel cuticle as their last function before they degenerate and become part of the reduced enamel epithelium (REE). |
| When is the JE formed during tooth development? | As soon as the reduced enamel epithelium comes into contact with the oral epithelium |
| What is the Reduced enamel epithelium? | The last layer of cells on the enamel that forms on a tooth after the crown is complete. |
| How is REE connected to the enamel? | The primary enamel cuticle that was formed by the ameloblasts. |
| As tooth continues to erupt, what happens? | JE continues to come onto the surface of the tooth. |
| When does this process stop? | When the CEJ hits the oral epithelium. |
| REE+OE=what? | JE! |
| How are JE cells organized (layered) | Cells are lined up vertically to create parallel channels. |
| True or False: The JE is the only place in body where cells are lined up vertically to create parallel channels? | TRUE |
| Why is the cell organization of the JE good? | Creates parallel channels to allow fluid to flow into the sulcus and help with the immune response. |
| Why is the cell organization of the JE bad? | The channels work both ways- bacteria and toxins can also flow into the body. |
| What is the distance that the biological width must remain? | 1.5-2 mm |
| Can tissue reattach to the tooth once lost? How? | Yes, JE reattaches but will cause length of JE to increase because the JE will start attaching apically. |
| What are the 5 gingival fibers? | Alveologingival Dentogingival Dentoperiosteal Transseptal Circular |
| What does alveologingival fiber connect? | Alveolar crest to gingiva |
| Function of alveologingival fiber | Holds gingiva up against tooth. |
| What does dentogingival fiber connect? | Just below JE to gingiva. |
| Function of dentogingival fiber? | Keeps gingiva from collapsing in. |
| What does dentoperiosteal fiber connect? | Below JE to outside of alveolar bone. |
| Function of dentoperiosteal fiber? | Helps maintain space between tooth and alveolar bone. |
| What does transseptal fiber connect? | One tooth to the next. |
| Function of transseptal fiber? | Maintain space from tooth to tooth. |
| What does circular fiber connect? | Nothing. it is like a drawstring around tooth that holds all structures within gingiva together. |
| What can make someone lose all of these fibers? | Periodontal disease |
| What is the only type of fiber that can come back after being lost? | Transseptal fiber |
| How will the other fiber types come back? | In an irregular scar pattern |
| How does gingivitis effect gingival fibers? | Causes them to stretch |
| How many lbs of pressure can PDL fibers withstand? | 285 lbs |
| What is the difference between PDL and gingival fibers? | PDL connects bone to tooth, gingival connects gingival tissue to gingival tissue. |
| What tissue type is the PDL made of? | Dense specialized connective tissue |
| How wide is the PDL? | 2 mm |
| What type of fibers is the PDL composed of? | Collagen fibers |
| What do the collagen fibers in the PDL make up? | Islands of loose connective tissue, which create interstitial spaces |
| What do the interstitial spaces contain? | Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics |
| What is the primary cell of the PDL | Fibroblasts |
| What do fibroblasts synthesize? | Collagen, collegenase, and ground substance |
| What cell type is found in the alveolar bone on one side of the PDL? | Osteoblasts |
| Function of osteoblasts? | Bone formation |
| What cell type is found in the cementum on the other side of the PDL? | Cementoblasts |
| Function of cementoblasts? | Cementum formation |
| What are epithelial rests? | Epithelial cells that came from the last cell layer when the root was formed. Now they just sit in the PDL. |
| Function of epithelial rests? | They are undifferentiated cells, so they can differentiate into whatever cell is needed by body. Until then they have no purpose. |
| What is the general class of PDL fibers called? | Principal fibers |
| Function of principal fibers? | To connect the cementum and alveolar bone. |
| What are the 5 types of principal fibers from most coronal to most apical? | Alveolar Crest Fibers Horizontal Fibers Oblique Fibers Apical Fibers Interradicular Fibers |
| What do alveolar crest fibers connect? | Top of alveolar crest to top of CEJ |
| What do horizontal fibers connect? | Cementum to adjacent bone |
| What do oblique fibers connect? | Root above apical fibers obliquely toward occlusal |
| What do apical fibers connect? | Apex of root to adjacent bone. |
| What do interradicular fibers connect? | Cementum to bone. |
| Are interradicular fibers found on all teeth? | No, only multicoated teeth. |
| Function of alveolar crest fibers? | Resist lateral movement, keeps tooth in socket |
| What is the 1st principal fiber to form? | Alveolar crest fibers. |
| When do alveolar crest fibers form? | Before tooth eruption occurs |
| What is the 2nd fiber type to form? | Horizontal fibers |
| Function of horizontal crest fibers? | Resist lateral movement |
| When are horizontal fibers formed? | As soon as the 1st tooth to tooth contact has occurred |
| What is the 3rd fiber type to form? | Oblique fibers |
| What 1/3 of the root are oblique fibers connected to? | Middle 1/3 |
| Function of oblique fiber bundles? | Absorbs occlusal forces |
| Which fiber type is most abundant? | Oblique, so it is the principal attachment of the tooth |
| What fiber loss results in an increase of tooth mobility? | Oblique fibers |
| Where are apical fibers located? | At apex of root |
| Function of apical fibers? | Resist tipping of tooth in its socket. Helps tooth hold up in socket but not good at that. |
| What is the last fiber type to form? | Apical fibers |
| What type of bone to interradicular fibers attach? | Interradicular bone |
| Function of interradicular fibers? | Resist forces of luxation (pulling tooth out) and tipping (stabilizes) |
| What fiber type is first to be lost during disease? | Interradicular fibers |
| When are interradicular fibers lost? | When the bone in the furcation area is destroyed |
| How is the PDL formative in function? | PDL contains fibroblasts, fibroblasts, cementoblasts, cementoclasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These cells aid in formation and resorption of PDL, cementum, and bone. |
| How is the PDL supportive in function? | Keeps the tooth in its socket |
| How is PDL resorptive in function? | Facilitates the breakdown of adjacent bone and cementum. |
| How does the PDL have a sensory function? (2) | Senses pain with its nerve supply. Proprioceptive, responds to stimuli. |
| How small of a particle can the PDL respond to when its between the teeth? | 0.01 mm |
| How is the PDL nutritive? | Supplies nutrients to the cementum, bone, itself, and gingiva through blood and lymph vessels. |
| What are Sharpey's fibers? | PDL fibers that project into the cementum or alveolar bone. |
| What is the main cell type in the PDL? | Cementoblasts |
| Which is the 1st group of PDL fibers to form before tooth eruption? | Alveolar crest fibers |
Created by:
Saylorlee5