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Lessons 1-4
Lessons 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aquifer | a sponge like formation of rock, sand,or gravel that hold water |
| Atmosphere | the thin layer of gases that surrounds Earth |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter; the smallest unit that maintains the chemical properties of an element |
| Biogeochemical Cycle | the circulation of nutrients through the atmosphere; also called nutrient cycle |
| Biosphere | the Earth and all of its organisms and environments |
| Carbohydrate | an organic compound that consists of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars, producing carbon dioxide and water |
| Condensation | a change in state from a vapor to a liquid |
| Consumer | an organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients; also called a heterotroph |
| Compound | a substance combining atoms of two or more different elements |
| Core | the layer of Earth below the mantle |
| Crust | the thin layer of Earth's outer surface on land and in the ocean |
| Decomposer | an organism that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers |
| Deposition | the movement and accumulation of eroded soil |
| Element | a chemical substance with a unique set of properties that connot be broken down into substances with other properties |
| Erosion | the removal of soil by water, wind, ice, or gravity |
| Eutrophication | the introduction of phosphorus and nitrogen into a body of water that leads to an overgrowth of algae and other producers |
| Evaporation | a change in state from a liquid to a gas |
| Feedback Loop | a circular process that describes how an event is both a cause and an effect in the same system; can be a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop |
| Geosphere | all of the rock at and below Earth's surface |
| Groundwater | fresh water found below Earth's surface |
| Hydrocarbon | an organic compound combining hydrogen and carbon |
| Hydrosphere | all of the water-salt water and fresh water, in the form of liquid, ice, or vapor- above and below Earth's surface and in the atmosphere |
| Landform | a mountain, island, or continent formed by the collisions and separations of tectonic plates |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | the principle that states that matter can change form but cannot be created or destroyed |
| Lipid | chemically diverse compound that does not dissolve in water |
| Lithosphere | sphere of the Earth made up of hard rock on and just below Earth's surface; the outermost layer of both Earth and its geosphere |
| Macromolecule | a large organic molecule; includes proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids |
| Mantle | the layer of very hot but mostly solid rock beneath Earth's crust |
| Matter | any material that has mass and occupies space |
| Molecule | a combination of two or more atoms |
| Nitrogen Fixation | the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia |
| Nucleic Acid | the macromolecule that carries hereditary information; includes DNA and RNA |
| Nucleus | the central core of an atom; consists of protons and neutrons |
| Nutrient | matter that organisms need to carry out their life processes |
| PH | a measure of acidity or alkalinity( basicity) of a solution |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen |
| Precipitation | the return of water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| Primary Producer | an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it; also called autograph |
| Protein | an organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| Solution | a mixture in which all the ingredients are evenly distributed |
| Tectonic Plate | one of the rigid layers of the lithosphere |
| Transpiration | the release of water vapor by plants through their leaves |
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