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Unit 4 APHUG
Political Patterns and Processes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antecedent Boundary | A boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area |
| Autonomous Regions | a region that exists within another larger entity and has the power to govern itself. typically geographically distinct from larger entity or populated by ethnic minority |
| Choke Points | geographic features on land or sea that is much narrower than the overall landscape and causes deceased combat power militarily; as such, these are strategic targets for terrorism or colonial control |
| Colonialism | the policy of a state seeking to have authority over other people and territories accompanied by the transfer of their population to these territories |
| redistricting | the redrawing of electoral districts that =-['coincides with the census so that equal representation exists in the House of Representatives |
| supranationalism | political, economic, cultural, or military cooperation among multiple states to promote shared objectives through the ceding of some authority to a higher power |
| gerrymandering | the reapportionment of political boundaries that benefit or favor one political party or class over another |
| genocide | the deliberate and systematic killing or persecution of a large number of people from a particular national or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group |
| DMZ | an area in which treaties or agreements between powers or contending groups forbid military installations, activities, or personnel |
| devolution | the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and political autonomy at the expense of the central government |
| EEZ | coastal waters extending no more than 200 nautical miles from territorial sea baseline and adjacent to 12 nautical mile sea of a country within which the country claims exclusive rights for fishing, drilling, and other economic activities |
| federal states | governing systems that operate with a division of power that is shared among various levels of governance |
| imperialism | the practice of domination of one people over another through various forms like settlement, sovereignty, or indirect mechanisms of control |
| irredentism | a policy of attempting to establish cultural cohesion and potential political expansion by a country aimed at a group of nationals living in a neighboring country |
| multinational state | a country whose people drive from many different national backgrounds |
| multistate nation | a group of nationals who are living within two separate states |
| nation | a group of people who share a common ethnic background (history, language, culture, hearth) and who seek or hold political self-determination |
| nation-state | a state whose borders coincide with the current distribution of the nationals of that state |
| neocolonialism | a more modern form of colonization that refers to the control that MDCS exert over global affairs economically and culturally through multinational corporations |
| self-determination | the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own governmental system |
| semiautonomous region | the ability of a region to govern itself in certain agreed upon areas, but without full/complete power to govern |
| shatterbelt | a region whose internal geographical, cultural, religious, and political fragmentation is compounded by pressures from external powers attracted to the region's strategic location and/or economic resources |
| ethnic cleansing | the attempt to create an ethnically homogeneous geographic area through expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of an ethnic minority |
| ethnonationalism | the right of a group of people who considered themselves separate and distinct from other to determine for themselves the state in which they will live and the form of government it will have |
| stateless nation | an ethnic group that is potentially dispersed between multple state and that does not have a state of their own |
| voting districts | a territorial subdivision for electing members of the legislative body (also called electoral districts) |
| economies of scale | cost advantages that businesses and enterprises obtain through the scale of the operation, typically with per cost unit decreasing with an increasing scale |
| territoriality | attitudes and behavior held by a person or group that is based on perceived, attempted, or actual control of a physical space, object or idea, which may involve habitual occupation, defense, personalization, and marking of the territory. |
| unitary state | a country whose governing power is rested in a central body |
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