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USH A Unit 5
Unit 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stock Market Crash (1929) | Event in October 1929 when stock values collapsed and millions lost investments. |
| Overspeculation | Risky stock purchases made with borrowed funds, hoping prices would rise. |
| Buying on Margin | Buying stocks by paying only a small part up-front and borrowing the rest. |
| Bank Failures | When banks ran out of cash because depositors rushed to withdraw their money. |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff | High import tax that reduced world trade and deepened the Depression. |
| Hoovervilles | Shantytowns built by homeless families during the Great Depression. |
| Dust Bowl | Environmental disaster on the Great Plains caused by drought and poor farming practices. |
| Mexican Repatriation | Policy that pressured or forced Mexican and Mexican-American families to return to Mexico. |
| Herbert Hoover | President who believed in “rugged individualism” and limited federal aid. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President elected in 1932 who expanded federal action to fight the Depression. |
| New Deal | FDR’s collection of programs designed to provide jobs and restore confidence. |
| Relief, Recovery, Reform | The three main goals of FDR’s programs—help people now, rebuild the economy, and reform systems. |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal agency that hired young men to plant trees and work on outdoor projects to aid job growth during the Depression. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | Agency that built dams and provided electricity in rural Southern areas. |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | Program that gave jobs building roads, bridges, and public buildings. |
| Social Security Act (SSA) | Law creating a retirement program for seniors. |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | Federal agency that regulates the stock market and protects investors. |
| Court-Packing Plan | Plan in which FDR tried to add more justices to the Supreme Court to support his policies. |
| Dorothea Lange | Photographer who documented Dust Bowl hardships through powerful images. |
| Deficit Spending | Government policy of spending more money than it collects in taxes to create jobs and improve the economy during the Great Depression. |