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World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reformation | A revolution/intellectual movement that upended churches and drove states to riot. It was started by Martin Luther with the initial protests being against paid indulgences |
| Renaissance | An intellectual movement that drove Europe away from secular and religious life |
| Utopia | A book written by Thomas More describing what a perfect world would look like |
| Indulgences | Churchgoers paying to receive salvation or forgiveness from God |
| Martin Luther | Founder of the Reformation and fighter against indulgences in churches. Began the Protestant religion |
| Gutenberg | The inventor of the printing press |
| Absolutism | A monarch or dictator holding complete, centralized power |
| 30 Years War | A war between the Catholic Church and Protestants. Ended with Treaty of Westphalia |
| Feudalism | a social system where lords gave land (fiefs) and protection to vassals in exchange for military service and labor |
| Mercantilism | A system of trading involving limiting imports, and maximizing exports |
| Capitalism | Private ownership of goods and profit in an economy |
| Galileo | An astronomer silenced by the church for suspected heresy |
| Isaac Newton | Scientist and inventor of the Three Laws of Motion |
| Descartes | Catholic philosopher who believed the only proof of our existence is that we think "I think therefore I am" |
| Hobbes | Believed that humans were naturally aggressive and needed control or a leader |
| Locke | Used the idea of "State of nature." Believed that over time people would come to an agreement and form societies themselves |
| Louis XIV | Ruler of France from 1643 to 1715. |
| Moliere | A playwright who used satire to criticize societal problems |
| Palace of Versailles | A palace built by Louis XIV for French monarchs and their families to reside in |
| Providence | God's plan or justice. Any bad thing that happened to someone was their sins coming back to them |
| Salvation | A religious rescue from a state of suffering |
| Patriarchy | Social system in which positions of authority are held by men |
| Divine Right of Kings | A monarch's right to rule comes directly from God |
| Constitutional Monarchy | A monarch's power being limited to a constitution |
| Columbus | An Italian explorer who discovered the Americas for Europe |
| Conquistadors | Spanish conquerers |
| Jesuits | Followers of Jesus Christ. They travelled to Japan to convert |
| Franciscan | Attempted to convert to christianity by making other's religion seem wrong |
| Marco Polo | European explorer |
| John Cabot | Italian navigator and explorer. Discovered the coastline of North America and it's inhabitants for England |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer who conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico on behalf of Spain |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who led the conquests of the Inca empire |
| Jacques Cartier | French and European explorer. Mapped the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Saint Lawrence River. Sent to explore the coastline of North America |
| Martin Frobisher | English sea captain sent to explore the coastline of North America |
| Henry Hudson | English sea explorer and navigator sent to explore the coastline of North America |
| Caravels | Small ships that were 25 meters long developed by the Portuguese. They were the first European ships to conquer vast oceans. They were square and travelled in the direction of the wind |
| Retransmission | Transmitting something from one area of the world to another. Popular among Europeans during the collection of goods |
| Seclusive Policy | Japan's Isolation for 250 years, blocking all foreigners and traders. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Spain and Portugal rivalry over discovered lands caused papacy to forestall with this. Divided the respective areas of exploration according to a line of longitude west of the Azores. |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief that a culture is superior to all others. Judging other cultures by the standards of your own |
| Aztecs | Mesoamerican civilization who dominated Northern Mexico |
| Incas | Highly developed society in the Americas discovered by European explorers |
| Assimilation | Absorbing into a lifestyle or religion |
| Chattel Slavery | Slaves could be bought, sold, or traded by owners like cattle or land. |
| Sovereignty | A dominant power over feudal lords or just a dominant power |
| Amerindian | Aboriginal peoples in the Americas |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | A Spanish lawyer and historian who advocated for the Indigenous peoples' rights |
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