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Social Psych 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are social psych and folk wisdom different? | Folk wisdom is based on common sense or intuition and often contains contradictions. Social psych uses the scientific method to test and build theories |
| Social Psych vs Clinical Psych | Clinical Psych focuses on diagnosable mental health disorders and what strays from normal. Social psych focuses on the average person |
| Social Psych vs Personality Psych | Personality psych focuses on individual differences that are consistent across social situations |
| Social Psych vs Sociology | Sociology focuses on groups, institutions, or society at large |
| subjective construal | -The way an individual perceives, comprehends, and interprets the social world -is the core of social psych |
| Naive Realism | The human tendency to believe we see the world as it really is and that people who disagree w/ us must be uninformed, irrational, or biased |
| Three beliefs in naive realism | 1) The objectivity illusion 2) The bias assumption 3) The conversion motive |
| Two fundamental human motives that shape our construals | 1) The need for self-esteem 2) The need for accuracy |
| Social influence | The effect that words, actions, or mere presence of other people have on our thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behavior |
| Observational method purpose, strength and weakness | - Describing behavior - Strength: High external validity (real-world behavior) - Weakness: No causation, observer bias |
| Correlational Method purpose, strength, and weakness | -Measuring the association b/w two variables -Strength: Allows prediction, can study real-world variables that can't be manipulated -Weakness: Correlation does not equal causation. Problem w/ third variables |
| Experimental Method strength. and weakness | - Strength: Can determine causality - Weakness: Can have lower external validity, some questions can't be studied ethically in an experiment |
| Internal validity | the extent to which there is a causal relationship, you are sure the IV caused the DV |
| External validity | The extent to which the results can be generalized to other situations and people |
| social cognition core concept | The study of how people think about themselves and the social world, more specifically how they select, interpret, remember, and use social info to make judgements and decisions |
| Two kinds of social thinking | 1) Automatic thinking 2) Controlled thinking |
| Automatic thinking | thinking that is quick, nonconscious, unintentional, and effortles |
| Controlled thinking | thinking that is effortful and deliberate |
| automatic goal pursuit | Goals can be activated and pursued without conscious intention or awareness. Once this is activated it can guide our, thoughts, behaviors, and evaluations entirely outside of our conscious control |
| terror management theory | Theory that human behavior is largely driven by subconscious fear of death. Our cultural worldview makes us feel like we are part of a meaningful universe and self esteem makes us feel we are a person of value in a world of meaning |
| Schemas | Mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world. We use them to organize what we know, make sense of the world, interpret new situations |
| Accessibility | The extent to which schemas are at the forefront of the mind |
| Three reasons for accessibility | 1) Chronically accessible due to past experience 2) Temporarily accessible because of recent experiences 3) Accessible because related to current goal |
| Priming | The process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a schema |
| Advantages of schemas | 1) They are efficient without much mental effort 2) They help us understand new situations by relating them to past experiences 3) They help us interpret ambiguous situations |
| Disadvantages of schemas | can be incorrect, can lead to misinterpretations, we tend to seek out info that confirms our existing schemas (confirmation bias), can lead to stereotyping |
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