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Mekdes Beyene

Anatomy Unit 5

QuestionAnswer
What is a cell? The smallest structural and functional unit of life; all living things are made of cells.
What is the cell theory? All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.
What are the two main types of cells? Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and eukaryotic (has a nucleus).
What is the plasma membrane? A selective barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the cytoplasm? A jelly-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended
What is the nucleus? The control center of the cell that contains DNA.
What is the nuclear envelope? A double membrane surrounding the nucleus that controls material exchange.
What is chromatin? Loose strands of DNA found in the nucleus; condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
What are ribosomes? Tiny structures that make proteins.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? A network of membranes covered in ribosomes that makes and transports proteins
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? Makes lipids and helps detoxify harmful substances.
What is the Golgi apparatus? Packages, modifies, and ships proteins and lipids for use inside or outside the cell.
What are mitochondria? The “powerhouses” of the cell; produce ATP through cellular respiration.
What are lysosomes? Organelles contain digestive enzymes that break down waste and old cell parts.
What are vacuoles? Storage sacs for water, nutrients, and waste; very large in plant cells.
What is the cytoskeleton? A network of protein fibers that gives the cell shape and helps with movement.
What are centrioles? Structures near the nucleus help organize cell division (found only in animal cells).
What are cilia? Short, hair-like structures that move substances across the cell’s surface
What are flagella? Long, tail-like structures used for movement (e.g., sperm cells).
What is nucleolus? A dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
What is ATP? Adenosine triphosphate – the main energy molecule produced by mitochondria.
What are peroxisomes? Organelles that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful chemicals.
What are microvilli? Tiny extensions of the cell membrane increase surface area for absorption (especially in intestinal cells).
Created by: Twin0324
 

 



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