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nutrition exam 2
you deleted the first one
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is bile | an emulsifier that breaks down fat into globules and provides a larger surface area for lipase to break them down into fatty acids and monoglyceride |
| AMDR, diabetes, cholesterol, fatty acids, glycerides, | |
| what are chylomicrons | |
| what is intestinal mucosa | |
| what is LDL cholesterol | |
| endosperm | largest part of the kernel, primarily starch, most of the kernel protein |
| bran | contains most of the fiber, outermost layers |
| germ | base of kernel, embryo, rich in vitamin E |
| grain enrichment | part of the nutrients are added back after being refined, unwhole grain, folic acid is often added |
| refined grains | only has the endosperm |
| sprouted grain | grains that have been allowed to germinate |
| added sugar | refined sugar that does not contain the nutrients it once had, added back into foods as a sweetener |
| carbohydrate | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| monosaccharides | one sugar unit |
| disaccharides | two sugar units |
| polysaccharides | more than two sugar units |
| glucose | monosaccharide, primary energy source for body, circulates in blood, rarely found in food but is a component of sucrose and starch |
| fructose | monosaccharide, found in produce |
| galactose | monosaccharide, part of lactose |
| maltose | disaccharide, made of two sugar units and forms when starch is digested |
| sucrose | disaccharide, table sugar, glucose and fructose linked together |
| lactose | disaccharide, milk sugar |
| glycogen | storage form of glucose in animals |
| fiber | complex carb that cannot be broken down by the digestive system |
| soluble fiber | dissolves in water, forms viscous solutions or gels |
| insoluble fiber | cannot dissolve in water, primarily found in the structural parts of plants |
| oligosaccharide | 3-10 sugar units |
| where is the majority of carb digestion | small intestine |
| non-dairy calcium | tofu and legumes |
| cellulose | found in plants, cannot be broken down |
| glycemic response | the measure of impact a food has on glucose levels, affected by how quickly it leaves the stomach and digested, and upon glucose absorption |
| type 1 diabetes | body is unable to produce insulin; pancreatic cells are destroyed by the immune system; 5-10% of cases and develops before age 30 |
| type 2 diabetes | body is unable to properly use insulin; insufficient amounts of insulin are produced |
| diabetes mellitus | disease characterized by blood glucose levels; if left untreated, can cause permanent damage to kidneys, nerves, and limbs |
| insulin | produced in pancreas and allows glucose to enter blood and fat cells which lowers the blood glucose levels; promotes energy storage |
| what stimulates insulin production | rise in blood glucose levels |
| ketone | |
| insulin resistance | body cells lose sensitivity to insulin |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar; abnormal blood glucose levels |
| reactive hypoglycemia | response to the consumption of high carb food |
| RDA for carbs |
Created by:
agwinograd