Magna Carta / Great Charter

Limited the king’s power in England; guaranteed basic rights like trial by jury.

House of Lords / Commons

Two parts of the English Parliament; Lords = nobles & clergy, Commons = elected citizens.

Legal system based on customs, court rulings, and precedents instead of just written laws.

English Bill of Rights

Protected rights of English citizens and said rulers must obey laws.

First representative assembly in the English colonies (Virginia).

Agreement by the Pilgrims to self-govern and make laws for the good of the colony.

Local gatherings in New England where citizens voted on laws and leaders — early democracy.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in America; set up a democratic government.

Official / Established Church

The church officially supported by the government (like the Church of England).

Religious revival movement that emphasized personal faith and equality before God.

Preacher who inspired the Great Awakening with emotional sermons about salvation.

Separation of Church and State

Idea that government should not favor or support any religion.

Maryland Toleration Act

Law granting religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland.

Not connected to any specific church or religious group.

System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas (goods, enslaved people, raw materials).

English laws that controlled colonial trade; colonies could only trade with England. “Bread Colonies” – Middle colonies (NY, NJ, PA, DE) that grew wheat, oats, and grains — “breadbasket” of America.

A plant used to make blue dye, grown mainly in the Southern colonies.

Indentures / Indentured Servants

People who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Important year: First Africans arrived in Virginia; House of Burgesses was established.

Colonial inventor, writer, and statesman; symbol of American ingenuity.

Subscription Library Society

Franklin’s group that created the first lending library in America (Philadelphia).

Poor Richard’s Almanac

Franklin’s yearly publication with weather, proverbs, and advice.

Boston Weekly Newsletter

First regularly published newspaper in the American colonies (1704).

Journalist tried for criticizing the governor; helped establish freedom of the press.

Period of hysteria in Massachusetts when many were accused of witchcraft.

A new identity formed in the colonies — independent, practical, and distinct from England.

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American History 2

Term	Definition
Magna Carta / Great Charter	Limited the king’s power in England; guaranteed basic rights like trial by jury.
House of Lords / Commons	Two parts of the English Parliament; Lords = nobles & clergy, Commons = elected citizens.
English Common Law	Legal system based on customs, court rulings, and precedents instead of just written laws.
English Bill of Rights	Protected rights of English citizens and said rulers must obey laws.
House of Burgesses	First representative assembly in the English colonies (Virginia).
Mayflower Compact	Agreement by the Pilgrims to self-govern and make laws for the good of the colony.
Town Meetings	Local gatherings in New England where citizens voted on laws and leaders — early democracy.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut	First written constitution in America; set up a democratic government.
Official / Established Church	The church officially supported by the government (like the Church of England).
Great Awakening	Religious revival movement that emphasized personal faith and equality before God.
Jonathan Edwards	Preacher who inspired the Great Awakening with emotional sermons about salvation.
Separation of Church and State	Idea that government should not favor or support any religion.
Maryland Toleration Act	Law granting religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland.
Non-denominational	Not connected to any specific church or religious group.
Triangular Trade	System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas (goods, enslaved people, raw materials).
Navigation Acts	English laws that controlled colonial trade; colonies could only trade with England. “Bread Colonies” – Middle colonies (NY, NJ, PA, DE) that grew wheat, oats, and grains — “breadbasket” of America.
Indigo	A plant used to make blue dye, grown mainly in the Southern colonies.
Indentures / Indentured Servants	People who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America.
1619	Important year: First Africans arrived in Virginia; House of Burgesses was established.
Benjamin Franklin	Colonial inventor, writer, and statesman; symbol of American ingenuity.
Subscription Library Society	Franklin’s group that created the first lending library in America (Philadelphia).
Poor Richard’s Almanac	Franklin’s yearly publication with weather, proverbs, and advice.
Boston Weekly Newsletter	First regularly published newspaper in the American colonies (1704).
John Peter Zenger	Journalist tried for criticizing the governor; helped establish freedom of the press.
Salem Witch Trials	Period of hysteria in Massachusetts when many were accused of witchcraft.
“American”	A new identity formed in the colonies — independent, practical, and distinct from England.

Created by: user-1972902

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