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Unit 1 vocab quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allotrope | One or more forms of an elementary substance |
| AnION | Negatively charged atom; an atom that gains an electron |
| Atom | The basic unit of structure for all matter; can't be broken down any further by chemical means. |
| Atomic mass | The average mass of all naturally occuring isotopes for an element |
| Atomic Mass unit (a.m.u) | 1/12th the mass of a Carbon-12 atom; the mass of one proton or one neutron |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom of a given element |
| CatION | Positively charged atom; an atom that loses an electron |
| Compound | Two or more atoms of DIFFERENT ELEMENTS chemically combined; always the same ratio |
| Electron | Virtually MASSLESS (teenie, tiny) NEGATIVELY CHARGED particle found OUTSIDE the nucleus |
| Electron Configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule |
| Element | Particles that have the same number of protons in the nucleus |
| Excited state | When an atom absorbs energy and one or more of its electrons "jumo" to an orbital further from the nucleus |
| Ground state | When all electrons within an atom fill the lowest energy orbitals; when the electrons are where they would "normally" be |
| Ion | A charged atom; an atom that gains or loses an electron |
| Isotope | An atom of an element with the same number of protons (atomic #) but a different number of neutrons |
| Kernel electron(s) | Any electrons found inside the balence shell; the innermost electrons |
| Lewis Dot Diaphgram | Representation of an atom or molecule using only the element symbol and the valence electron arrangement |
| Mass number | The mass of a given isotope of an element; the sum of the msses of protons and neutrons |
| Neutron | Subatomic particle with a MASS of 1 amu (atomic mass unit), and a CHARGE of zero found WITHIN the NUCLEUS; (NEUTRAL) |
| Nuclear Charge | Electric charge within the nucleus of an atom; equal to the number of protons (always NEUTRON) |
| Nucleons | Any (subatomic) partcile found in the nucleus of an atom a PROTON or a NEUTRON |
| Nucleus | The DENSE, POSITIVE, CENTRAL core of an atom |
| Orbit | Set paths that electrons take around nucleus according to Planetary/Bohr Model (similar to the paths that planets take around the sun) |
| Orbital | A region where electrons of an atom can be found according to Wave-Mechanical Model |
| Planetary Model (A.K.A Bohr Model) | Atomic model constructed by Neils Bohr that proposes all electrons can be found in orbits or paths outside nucleus (electrons must gain or lose energy to jump from one orbit to another) |
| Proton | Subatomic particle with a MASS of 1 amu (atomic mass unit), and a CHARGE of +1 found WITHIN THE NUCLEUS |
| Quantum Theory | Used to describe the dual nature of matter; electrons behave like particles and energy |
| Valence electron(s) | The outermost electrons in an atom (there can NEVER be more than 8 valence electrons; known as the OCTET RULE) |
| Wave-Mechanical Model | STates that electrons don't travel in fixed orbits, but we can use mathematic principals to predict where electrons are most likely to be found |
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Sillyflamingo
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