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USH A Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Progressive Era | A political movement that aimed to fix the problems caused by industrialization, corruption, and inequality. |
| Populist Party | Political group that represented farmers and workers in the late 1800s and influenced later reformers. |
| Bull Moose Party | Political party formed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 to continue Progressive reforms. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | President known for trust-busting, conservation, and the “Square Deal.” |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt’s plan to ensure fairness between workers, businesses, and consumers. |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems to push for reform. |
| Upton Sinclair | Author who exposed unsafe conditions in the meat-packing industry. |
| The Jungle | Book that led to new food-safety laws after shocking the public with details of factory conditions. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Law that required accurate labeling of food and medicine and banned harmful ingredients. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | Early federal law that tried to stop monopolies and unfair business combinations. |
| Federal Reserve Act | Law that created a national banking system to manage money and credit. |
| Initiative / Referendum / Recall | Reforms that allowed citizens to propose, vote on, or remove laws and officials directly. |
| 16th Amendment | Amendment that allowed Congress to collect a federal income tax. |
| 17th Amendment | Amendment that let voters directly elect their U.S. senators. |
| 18th Amendment | Amendment that banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages (Prohibition). |
| 19th Amendment | Amendment that granted women the right to vote. |
| Jane Addams | Founder of Hull House who helped immigrants and supported social reform. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | Civil rights leader who helped start the NAACP and demanded immediate equality. |
| Booker T. Washington | Educator who believed African Americans should gain equality through education and economic progress. |
| National Park Service | Federal program begun under Theodore Roosevelt that preserved natural lands and created protected parks for public use. |