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urinary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| structural and functional unit that filters our blood and forms our urine | nephron |
| nephron | structural and functional unit that filters our blood and forms our urine |
| how many nephrons are in each kidney | 1 million |
| how many kidneys do we have | 2 |
| which one has the biggest diameter | afferent arteriole |
| which one is the smaller diameter | efferent arteriole |
| afferent arteriole | biggest diameter |
| efferent arteriole | smaller diameter |
| what is it measure in for afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole | diameter |
| what causes everything to push out | pressure |
| what causes pressure | passes more blood coming into the cluster of capillaries (glomerulus) |
| everything gets pushed out, except... | red blood cells and large protein molecules |
| snow globe like, everything pushed out is in this globe | glomerular capsule |
| glomerular capsule | snow globe like, everything pushed out is in this globe |
| what is it called if it's pushed out of the capillaries | filtrates |
| what is it called if it's not pushed out of the capillaries | blood |
| filtrates | pushed out of the capillaries |
| blood | not pushed out of the capillaries |
| if filtrate makes it to collecting duct, it is.... | urine |
| where does the filtrate go to | goes through the loop of nephron, int the distal convoluted tubule, and goes to the collecting duct |
| urine | filtrate makes it to collecting duct |
| if filtrate doesn't make it to collecting duct, it.... | reabsorbed in the body by diffusion |
| reabsorbed in the body by diffusion | if filtrate doesn't make it to collecting duct |
| what is diffusion | high to lowest concentration of particles |
| high to lowest concentration of particles | diffusion |
| acts like coffee filter, filtrates whatever comes out | podocytes |
| podocytes | acts like coffee filter, filtrates whatever comes out |
| as completely and specifically as possible describe what cause the filtrate to be forced out of the capillaries | when more blood is coming from the afferent than the blood leaving the efferent which causes pressure |
| when does filtrate become urine | filtrate becomes urine when it reaches to the collecting duct |
| list the structures in their proper order that filtrate comes into contact with after exiting the capillaries and reaching the collecting duct | glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule |
| what happens to the filtrate that does not become urine | The filtrate that does not become urine gets reabsorbed back to the body which is called diffusion which is the highest to the lowest concentration |
| glucose possible causes | could be diabetic and have high blood levels |
| what is glucose | blood sugar |
| glycosuria, could be diabetic and have high blood levels | glucose |
| protein possible causes | nonpathological: excessive physical exertion, pregnancy pathological: glomerulonephritis, severe hypertension, heart failure, often an initial sigh of renal disease |
| what is glomerulonephritis | inflamed glomerulus |
| how do you know if you have renal disease | if your red blood cells and/or large protein molecules go through, something is wrong with your kidneys since it's supposed to hold back |
| what is renal disease | kidney disease |
| ketone bodies possible causes | starving or untreated diabetic |
| hemoglobin possible causes | bad blood transfusion, anemia, and severe burns |
| bile pigments possible causes | liver diseases, checks liver and gallbladder |
| erythrocytes possible causes | bleeding in urinary can cause by trauma, kidney stones, infection, or cancer |
| what is erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| leukocytes possible causes | urinary tract infection (white urine) |
| what is leukocytes | white blood cells |
| if your urine is clear, that mean it is | diluted |
| if your urine is not clear, that means it is | not diluted and you should drink more water |
| what is pathological | disease related |
| what is nonpathological | not disease |
| substance that we consume that increase our urinary output | diuretic |
| what inhibits our sodium ions reabsorption as a result of ending up having to go to the bathroom a lot | caffeine |
| what increases person's urinary outflow, it inhibits the release of anti-diuretic hormones when they consume this, and they go to the bathroom | alcohol |
| words to describe to relieve liquid out from the body | urinate, voiding, and micturition |
| what is the pH of urine | 6 which is a weak acid |
| what is the pH of neutral | 7 |
| how can you get kidney stones | if you have frequent bacterial infection of the urinary contract, high blood level of calcium's, and urine being above pH of 7 |
| if you have frequent bacterial infection of the urinary contract, high blood level of calcium's, and urine being above pH of 7, you get... | kidney stones |
Created by:
jennitired