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Sara Douglass
Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ANATOMY | defined as study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts, derived from Greek word parts that mean “to cut apart". |
| PHYSIOLOGY | the science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its parts. (physis, “nature,” and logos, “words or study”). |
| Biology | the scientific study of life. Both anatomy and physiology are subdivisions of this very broad area of inquiry. |
| organelles | Chemical structures may be organized within larger units called cells to form various structures |
| Cells | smallest and most numerous structural units that possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. |
| differentiate | all cells have certain features in common, they specialize |
| matrix. | Tissue cells are surrounded by varying amounts and kinds of nonliving, intercellular substances |
| four major or principal tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
| organ | defined as a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that, together, they can perform a special function. |
| Ipsilateral | same side, term used to identify the placement of one body part with respect to another on the same or opposite side of the body. |
| contralateral | opposite side term , used to identify the placement of one body part with respect to another on the same or opposite side of the body. |
| Anterior | means “front”, the anterior surface of the body, |
| posterior | means “back” or “in back of". |
| Medial | “toward the midline of the body”. |
| lateral | “toward the side of the body, or away from its midline.” |
| Proximal | “toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts”. |
| distal | “away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part.” |
| Superficial | “nearer the surface”, ex- the skin of the arm is superficial to the muscles below it. |
| deep | “farther away from the body surface", ex-the bone of the upper part of the arm is deep to the muscles that surround and cover it. |
| lumen | The hollow area of any of these organs. ex- stomach, small intestine, airways of the lungs, blood vessels, urinary organs. |
| Central | “near the center", ex-the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which are near the center of the body. |
| Peripheral | “around the boundary", ex- The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves of the muscles, skin, and other organs that are nearer the periphery, or outer boundaries, of the body. |
| Medullary | refers to an inner region or core of an organ, the inner region of the kidney is the medulla, and any structures there are described as medullary. |
| Cortical | refers to an outer region or layer of an organ, ex- describes structures found in the outer layer of kidney tissue (the cortex of the kidney). |
| Basal | refers to the base or widest part of an organ, ex-e the point or apex of a cone and the flat part or base of a cone. |
| Apical | refers to the narrow tip of an organ, ex-in the heart the term apical refers to the “point” of the heart that rests on the diaphragm. |
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