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AP Gov Ch. 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Public Opinion | The distribution of the populations beliefs about politics and policy issues |
| census | an "actual enumeration" of the population, which the constitution requires that the government conduct every 10 years. The census is a valuable tool for understanding demographic changes. |
| political culture | an overall set of values widely shared within a society |
| exit poll | public Opinion surveys used by major Media pollsters to predict electoral winners with speed and precision |
| minority majority | The situation, likely beginning in the mid-twenty-first century, in which the non-hispanic whites will represent a minority of the US population and the minority groups together will represent a majority |
| Reapportionment | The process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census |
| political socialization | the process through which individuals in a society acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge, based on inputs from family, schools, the media, and others |
| Sample | a relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be representative of the whole |
| random sampling | The key technique employed by survey researchers which operates on the principle that everyone should have an equal probability of being selected for the sample. |
| random digit dialing | A technique used by pollsters to place telephone calls randomly to both listen and unlisted numbers when conducting a survey |
| gender gap | The regular pattern in which women are more likely to support democratic candidates, in part because they tend to be less conservative than men and more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending |
| Political Participation | the ways in which individuals engage in political processes and express their opinions on government policies and leadership through voting. protesting, campaigning, or contacting public officials |
| Protest | A form of political participation designed to achieve policy change through dramatic and unconventional tactics |
| individualism | social and political philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of being responsible of oneself, self-reliance, and the belief that individuals should have the freedom to pursue their own goals and interests without excessive government interference. |
| equality of opportunity | The principle that each person should have the same chance to succeed in life, get wealthy, regardless of background |
| rule of law | principle that the law applies to everyone equally, even those who govern, no one is above it. |
| Keynesian Theory | Theory in which the government should step in and help by spending money to get people spending and working again. |
| Supply-side theory | An economic theory, first applied during the Reagan administration, argues lower taxes and fewer regulations will increase incentives for business and individuals to produce goods and services, which in turn will lead to economic growth. |
| Monetary Policy | Economic policy controlled by the federal reserve, involving the regulation of the money supply and interest rates to influence the economy and achieve their own goals |
| Fiscal Policy | Government policy that uses federal budget such as taxes, spending, and borrowing to influence the economy. Almost entirely determined by Congress and the President. |
| Rational Choice Voting | Assumes that individuals act in their own best interest, carefully weighing the cost and benefits of possible alternatives |
| retrospective voting | voting based on whether a party or candidate has done a good job in the past |
| prospective voting | voting based on prediction of how party or candidate will perform in the future |
| party line voting | supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices at the same level of government |
| demographics | Statistical characteristics of a populations, such as age, race, gender, education, or income, often used to analyze voting trends. |
| general election | A nationwide election in November, where voters choose their representatives for various levels of government, including the presidency and Congress . |
| Mid-term elections | Federal elections that occur halfway through a president's four-year term, in which members of Congress are elected. |
| Political Disobedience | a form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences |
| Free Enterprise | Economic system in which private individuals and private businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference through their own decisions |
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