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Interviews
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bernoulli's | P + 0.5*p*v**2 + p*g*h = Ptot |
| Mass Flow | mdot = p*v*A |
| Cantilever Beam Stress | m*c/I |
| Cantilever Beam Deformation | F*L**3 / 3*E*I |
| Second Moment of Area | I, equations vary from shape to shape for squares b*h**3 / 12 |
| Conservation of Mass and Momentum | mdot*vi - mdot*vf = delta Momentumn = Pi*Ai - Pf*Af |
| Conservation of Energy | pf*hTf*vf*Af - pi*hTi*vi*Ai = dQ/dt + Wdot rho*Cp*T + 0.5*rho*v^2 = constant |
| Dynamic Pressure | 0.5*p*v**2 = q = gamma*p*M**2 /2 = kenetic energy per volume |
| Hydraulic Head | P/p*g + v**2 / 2*g + Z = Ptot/p*g = Head |
| H - Enthalpy | Total working energy in a fluid |
| Specific Heat | Q = m*Cp*dT |
| Speed of sound | a = sqrt(gamma*R*T) = sqrt(gamma*P/p) |
| Pressure and Density Relation in an ideal gas isentropic flow | P/p**gamma = const = P0/p0**gamma |
| Stagnation Temperature Ratio Relations | P/P0 = (p/p0)**gamma = (T/T0) ** (gamma/(gamma-1)) |
| Reynold's Number | p*v*D/mew |
| Laminar Flow | Re <= 2100 |
| Turbulent Flow | Re >= 2100 |
| Discharge Coefficient | Cd = mdot/(A*sqrt(2*p*(P2-P1))) |
| Flow Coefficient | Cv = Q*sqrt(SG/dP), SG- Specific Gravity for water is 1 |
| Area Mach Relation | dA/A = (M**2 - 1)dv/v |
| Pressure Loss in Laminar Flow (Darcy Weiback) | dP = f * (L/D) * 0.5*p*v**2 |
| Mass Spring Natural Frequency (massless spring) | w = sqrt(K/m)/2*pi (Hz) = sqrt(K/m) (rad/s) |
| Mass Spring Natural Frequency (Massive spring) | w = sqrt(K/m+ms/3)/2*pi |
| Work | Energy = int(fdx) |
| Spring Energy | Es = 1/2 kx**2 |
| Internal Energy | U = mCvT |
| Enthalpy | h = mCpT |
| Euler's Buckling Equation | n*pi**2 * E * I / L**2 |
| n in Euler's Buckling Equation | pinned-pinned: 1 pinned-fixed: 2 fixed-fixed: 4 fixed-free:0.25 |
| Torque Equation | T = I*alpha |
| Bolt Preload Equation | T = F*K*e(minor diameter) |
| Von Mises Stress Equation | sig = sq((sig1-sig2)^2 + (sig2-sig3)^2 + (sig3-sig1)^2) |
| Single Pin Shear | Tav(Average Shear Stress) = V/Apin T Tmax = (4/3)*(V/A) (Solid Cyinlder) Tmax = 2*(V/A) (Hollow Cyinder) Tmax = (3/2)*(V/A) (Square Beam) |
| Dual Pin Shear | Divide shear force by 2 in single pin shear |
| Lap Joint Weld Stress | T = V/(W*t/sqrt(2)) (Draw) |
| Thick walled pressure vessel hoop stress | sig = (PRo^2 + PRi^2)/(PRo^2 - PRi^2) |
| Ideal Gas compressibility factor usage | When P>1000psi and T<-100F |
| Pstar/Pinf (Chocked Flow) | Chocked if Pstar/Pinf >= (0.5*(gamma+1))^(gamma/(gamma-1)) |
| Thrust Equation | T = mdot*Ve + (Pe-Pinf)*Ae T = ISP*mdot*g |
| Rocket Eq | dv = ve * ln(Minitial / Mfinal) |
| Bearing Stress | Drawing |
| Shear Tear Out | T = F/(2*e*t) |
| 2nd Moment of Area | Cylinder: (pi/64)*D^4 Hollow Cylinder: (pi/4)*(Ro^4 - Ri^4) Rectangle: (bh^3)/12 |
| 316 Stainless Steel Yield | YS: 42100 psi |
| 304 Stainless Steel Yield | YS: 31200 psi |
| AL6061 Yield | YS: 40000 psi |
| AL7075 Yield | YS: 73000 psi |
| Inconel 718 Yield | YS: 160000 psi |
| Inconel 625 Yield | YS: 66700 psi |
| Mig Welding | Metal inert gas aka GMAW, is when the filler and the electrode are the same material the filler wire is fed thru a mig gun where it is shielded by a gas and the wire itself produces the arc and also becomes the filler metal. |
| Tig Welding | WIth TIG, GTAW, welding a tungsten electrode shielded by a gas (usually argon) generates the heat that produces the weld puddle. If filler metal is used, it is added separately either by hand or by a mechanized feeder. |
| Stick Welding | WIth stick welding a tungsten electrode generates the heat that produces the weld puddle. If filler metal is used, it is added separately either by hand or by a mechanized feeder. |
| Laser Welding | Shoot laser at metal. Deeper and less heat effected zone. Good for automated practices. |
| Oribital | TIG welding automated in a circle in order to account for surface tension and gravity |
| Conduction | Qdot = k*A/L * (T2-T1) |
| Convection | Qdot = h*A*(T2-T1) |
| Radiation Out | Qdot = A*sig*e*(T2-T1)**4 |
| Radiation In | Qdot = S*A*alpha*sin(theta) |
| Newtons Law of Cooling | T(t) = Tinf + (T(0) - Tinf)*e**(-t/tau) |
| Torsional Stress | tau = Torque*r/J(Polar Moment of Inertia) |
| 316 Stainless Steel UTS | UTS: 84100 psi |
| 304 Stainless Steel UTS | UTS: 73200 psi |
| AL6061 UTS | UTS: 45000 psi |
| AL7075 UTS | UTS: 83000 psi |
| Inco 718 UTS | UTS: 199000 psi |
| Inco 625 UTS | UTS: 128000 psi |
| Butt Joint (Weld) | This joint type joins two workpieces in the same plane with their edges meeting or with a root opening lying parallel to one another. Use butt joints to join plate, pipe, tubing or any other application where a smooth, flush weld face is desired. |
| Corner Joint (Weld) | When pieces are joined at 90 degrees and take the shape of an L. These joints are easy to assemble and require little, if any, edge preparation. Corner joints are often used for projects that require a square frame, such as fabricating a weld table. |
| Open vs Closed Corner Joint | Open: Best for strength as the stress goes through the material more efficiently Closed: Best for thin materials under low stresses to avoid burnthourgh |
| Lap Joint | Overlapping plates welded together |
| Choosing between Lap and Butt Joint | Butt joint will result in a more flush contour, leaving the workpieces in the same plane. Lap joints can provide more strength in higher-stressed areas, but the joints are more noticeable and do not result in a flush contour. |
| T-Joint | The edges of your two workpieces meet at approximately 90 degrees and take the shape of a T. T-joints possess good mechanical strength, especially when welded from both sides. |
Created by:
elib3