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Chem c = λν
wavelength, frequency, energy, orbitals, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wavelength symbol | λ |
| Frequency symbol | ν |
| Speed of Light symbol | c |
| Speed of Light formula | c = λ · ν |
| Energy formulas | E = ℎ · ν ' ' ' ' ℎ · c E = -------- ' ' ' ' ' ' λ |
| 1m = how many nm? (GIVEN) | 1m = 1 · 10^9 nm |
| ℎ equation (GIVEN) | ℎ = 6.626 · 10^-34 (J·s) |
| How many orbitals does s have? | 1 |
| How many orbitals does p have? | 3 |
| How many orbitals does d have? | 5 |
| How many orbitals does f have? | 7 |
| Order of lowest to highest energy orbitals? | s, p, d, f |
| What is the shape of s? | perfect sphere |
| What is the shape of p? | bow-tie (two ovals next to each other) |
| What are the starting levels for s, p, d, and f? | s - n=1 p - n=2 d - n=3 f - n=4 |
| How many electrons are in s? | 2 |
| How many electrons are in p? | 6 |
| How many electrons are in d? | 10 |
| How many electrons are in f? | 14 |
| d^4 is... and turns into... | DE-FIVED d^5, and one ^ is removed from the p or f right before it |
| d^9 is... and turns into... | DE-NIED d^10, and one ^ is removed from the p or f right before it |
| The principal quantum number (the # in 1s or 3p for example) indicates what property of an electron? | energy level |
| What is the probability of finding an electron within the region indicated by the drawn electron cloud? | 90% |
| The quantum mechanical model of the atom is concerned with the | probability of finding an electron in a certain position |
| The SHAPE of an electron cloud is determined by the electron's | energy sublevel (s, p, d, f) |
| The formula 2n^2 represents | the max number of electrons that can occupy an energy level |
| The letter "p" in 4p^3 indicates the | orbital shape |
| When to fill all orbitals before doing the next and when to do one each? | Depends on Hund's Rule (give each orbital 1 electron first, then start giving them another), the Aufbau Principle (electrons fill orbitals of the lowest energy first), and the Pauli Exclusion Principle (max of 2 e can be in 1 orbital but need opp spins) |
| What is Hund's Rule? | when filling degenerate orbitals (orbitals of the same energy), electrons will first occupy each orbital singly with parallel spins before any orbitals are doubly occupied (gives each one 1 up arrow before giving them each a down arrow to match) |
| What is the Aufbau Principle? | electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first (think "build up" / Aufbau) |
| What is Dalton's Theory? | all matter is made of indivisible particles called atoms, which combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds |
| What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? | a maximum of two electrons can occupy the same orbital, but only if they have opposite spins no 2 electrons can have the same set of 4 quantum numbers |
| What is electromagnetic radiation? | the means by which energy travels through space exhibits wavelike behavior travels at the speed of light in a vacuum |
| What is a quantum? | a packet of energy |
| what are the 2 conclusions from Planck's Postulate? | 1. energy is quantized 2. energy can occur in discrete units of hv |
| what is the photoelectric effect? | when electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal when light strikes it |
| When v is less than what are no electrons emitted in the photoelectric effect? | v zero |
| what is diffraction? | when light is scattered from a regular array of points or lines |
| scattered radiation produces a ___________ _______ of bright spots and dark areas on a photographic plate | diffraction pattern |
| what is a continuous spectrum? | when white light is passed through a prism (contains all the wavelengths of visible light) |
| what is a line spectrum? | shows only certain discrete wavelengths |
| what is Niels Bohr's quantum model? | the electron in a hydrogen atom moves around the nucleus in certain allowed circular orbits |
| what is the radial probability distribution? | plots the total probability of finding an electron in each spherical shell versus the distance from the nucleus |
| what is the shape of d? | four-leaf clover |
| what is the penetration effect? | what causes s to be lower energy than p to be lower energy than d to be lower energy than f |
| d fills ___ level(s) later, f fills ____ level(s) later | 1, 2 |
Created by:
CrabRang00n