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RE CH. 10-11
RE Ch. 10-11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an injury to the skin or to other body tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation | burn |
| a wound in which soft tissue damage occurs beneath the skin and the skin is not broken | closed wound |
| any burn that is potentially life-threatening, disabling or disfiguring; a burn requiring advanced medical care | critical burn |
| a burn injury involving all layers of skin and underlying tissues; skin may be brown or charred, and underlying tissues may appear white, painful or relatively painless (destroyed nerve endings), medical assistance, scarring | full-thickness burn |
| a wound with a break in the skin's surface | open wound |
| a burn injury involving the epidermis and dermis, characterized by red, wet, mottled skin and blisters, swelling, heals in 3 to 4 weeks, may scar | partial-thickness burn |
| body structures that include layers of skin, fat and muscles | soft tissues |
| a burn injury involving only the top layer of skin, the epidermis, characterized by red, dry skin, usually painful, area may swell, heals within week w/out permanent scarring | superficial burn |
| an injury to the soft tissues | wound |
| outer layer of skin that provides barrier against bacteria and other organisms that can cause infection | epidermis |
| the deeper layer of skin that contains the nerves, sweat glands, oil glands and blood vessels | dermis |
| a layer of skin located beneath the dermis and epidermis that contains fat, blood vessels and connective tissues | hypodermis |
| injury to STs that results in blood vessel damage (usually to capillaries) and leakage of blood into the surrounding tissues; caused when blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin | contusion |
| signs and symptoms of severe, internal bleeding | tender, swollen or rigid areas of body, bruising over injured area, rapid breathing, vomiting or coughing up blood, injured extremity that is blue or extremely pale, swollen and rigid, shock |
| To care for minor closed wounds | apply a cold pack to held control pain and swelling |
| Call 9-1-1 or the DE# if | a person complains of severe pain or cannot move a body part w/out pain, the force caused serious damage, blue or extremely pale injured extremity, tender/distended abdomen, vomit or cough up blood, shock, drowsy, confused, unresponsive |
| the most common type of open wound characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away | abrasion |
| a cut, usually from a sharp object, that can have either jagged or smooth edges | laceration |
| an injury in which a portion of the skin, and sometimes soft tissue, is partially or completely torn away | avulsion |
| the complete removal of severing of an external body part | amputation |
| a type of wound that results when the skin is pierced with a pointed object | puncture/penetration wound |
| an object that remains in an open wound | embedded object |
| injury to body part (extremity), caused by a high degrees of pressure | crush injury |
| condition in which there is swelling and an increase in pressure within a limited space that presses on and compromises blood vessels, nerves and tendons that run through that limited space | compartment syndrome |
| common people trapped in collapsed structures; once crushed muscle is released from compression and the tissue is reperfused with blood, injury occurs; multiple adverse processes, renal failure, death | crush syndrome |
| General care for open wounds includes | controlling bleeding and preventing infection |
| a special type of dressing that does not allow air or fluid to pass through and keeps in medications applied to affected area, heat, body fluids and moisture | occlusive dressing |
| a bandage applied snugly to create pressure on a wound to aid in controlling bleeding | pressure bandage |
| a small pad of nonstick gauze on a strip of adhesive tape, applied directly to minor wounds | adhesive compress |
| a thick gauze attached to a bandage; helps control severe bleeding | bandage compress |
| a bandage made of gauze or gauze-like material that is wrapped around a body part, over a dressing, using overlapping turns until the dressing is covered | roller bandage |
| a bandage designed to keep continuous pressure on a body part | elastic roller bandage |
| Before and after apply an elastic or roller bandage, ______. By checking before and after bandaging, ___. | check for feeling, warmth and color of the area distal to the injury site, especially the fingers and toes. You will able to tell if any tingling or numbness is from the bandaging or injury. |
| To care for a minor open wound, | use a barrier between your hand and the wound (gloves, sterile dressing), apply DP for a few minutes, wash wound with soap and water and gently dry with clean gauze, cover wound with clean dressing and bandage, apply ointment or wound gel, wash hands |
| Suturing a wound can | speed the healing process, reduce the chance for infection and minimize scarring |
| A major _____ may have severe bleeding, deep or extensive destruction of tissue, or a deeply embedded or impaled object | open wound |
| Do not remove a larger embedded object because | it can result in further tissue damage. |
| Use ____ dressings to support and embedded object, and then place ____ over the dressing and around the object to control bleeding. | bulky, bandages |
| For a wound on an extremity that is bleeding severely, if DP fails to control bleeding or is not possible, and professional medical care is not available or is delayed, | application of a manufactured (commercial) tourniquet by a properly trained responder can be considered. |
| For wounds not on an extremity, | a hemostatic dressing with DP may be considered, following the manufacturer's instructions |
| an acute infectious disease caused by a bacterium that produces a powerful poison; can occur in puncture wounds, such as human and animal bites; also called lockjaw | tetanus |
| Signs and symptoms of infected wound | increased pain, swelling, redness or warmth in area of wound, red streaks extending from it, pus draining from it, fever |
| antibodies capable of neutralizing specific disease-producing poisonous substances | antitoxin |
| Care for infection | clean area with clean, warm water and apply antibiotic ointment to the wound, change coverings over wound daily, contact healthcare provider if a fever or red streaks develop |
| The severity of a burn depends on | the temperature of its source, length of exposure to the source, location of burn, extent of burn, and the person's age and medical condition. |
| CB: call 9-1-1 or DE# if the victim | has trouble breathing, has burns covering more than one body part or a large surface area, has burns encircling extremity (circumferential burns), has suspected burns to airway, burns to head, face, neck, hands, feet, or genitals |
| When caring for a heat burn, | check scene for safety, stop burning process by removing person from source, check for LTCs, cool burn with large amounts of cold running water (10 min), cover burn loosely with dry, sterile dressing, minimize shock, comfort and reassure person |
| signs and symptoms of chemical burns | pain, burning, numbness, change in level of consciousness, respiratory distress, oral discomfort or swelling, eye discomfort, change in vision |
| signs and symptoms of electrical burns | unresponsiveness, dazed, confused behavior, obvious burns on the skin's surface, trouble breathing or no breathing, burns both where the current entered and where it exited the body, often on the hand or foot |
| dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton | bone |
| displacement of bone from its normal position at a joint | dislocation |
| a break or disruption in bone tissue | fracture |
| to use a splint or other method to keep an injured body part from moving; lessens pain, prevent further ST damage, reduce risk for SB, possibility of loss circulation to injury site, prevent closed fractures from becoming open fractures | immobilize |
| a structure where two or more bones are joined | joint |
| a fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint | ligament |
| a tissue that contracts and relaxes to create movement | muscle |
| muscles that attach to the bones; protect bones, nerves and blood vessels | skeletal muscles |
| a device used to immobilize body parts | splint |
| the partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at a joint | sprain |
| the excessive stretching and tearing of muscles or tendons; a pulled or torn muscle | strain |
| a fibrous band that attaches muscle to bone | tendon |
| a loss of muscle control; a permanent loss of feeling and movement; the inability to move | paralysis |
| three basic causes of musculoskeletal injury | direct force (blunt or penetrating), indirect force ( injures body part away from impact point), twisting/rotating force (one body part remains still while the rest of body is twisted or turned away from it) |
| a type of fracture in which the skin over the broken bone is intact | closed fractures |
| a type of fracture in which there is an open wound in the skin over the fracture | open fractures |
| signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injury | unusual sounds, pain, bruising/swelling, deformity, inability to move through normal ROM, obvious deformity, grinding or crepitus, cold, numb, or tingly, MOI |
| MSI: Call 9-1-1 or DE# if | there is obvious deformity, moderate or severe swelling and discoloration, a fracture with an open wound at the injury site, the injured area is cold and numb |
| Care for MSI | Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
Created by:
alumesi