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Environment Science

Study Guide

TermDefinition
Geosphere Solid part of the earth that consists of all the rock, soil, and sediment that are part of the earth's surface.
Atmosphere Layer of gases that surrounds the Earth's surface.
Troposphere Lowest layer of the atmosphere, where life exists and weather occurs.
Stratosphere Layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, altitude where jets fly, contains jet streams, and ozone layer.
Ozone layer Layer of ozone in the Stratosphere, protects the Earth from the sun's most dangerous radiation.
Crust(Earth's crust) Earth's thin outer layer.
Mantle Layer of the earth found below the crust, makes up 64% of the mass of the earth.
Core(inner & outer) Inner: Inner-sphere of solid iron & nickel located at the center of the earth. Outer: Outer shell of the earth's core made of molten iron & nickel.
Lithosphere Cool, rigid outer layer of the earth, consists of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.
Asthenosphere Solid, plastic layer between the mesosphere and the lithosphere.
Mesosphere Lower layer of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core.
Tectonic Plates Separate pieces that make up the lithosphere.
Plate Tectonics The theory that the Earth's crust is divided into pieces that move over the asthenosphere causing earthquakes and volcanoes.
Ring of Fire Area around the Pacific plate that has an extraordinarily high number of earthquakes and volcanoes.
Pangea An original supercontinent that broke into the continents we know today due to plate tectonics.
Richter scale Scale that measures the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles F. Richter.
Pyroclastic flow Dense cloud of superheated gases and debris that travels down the sides of an erupting volcano at great speeds. That can move down the side of a volcano from 300-500 mph.
Erosion Wearing down of rock and the Earth's surface by physical or chemical means.
Chemical erosion Wearing down rock by changing the chemical composition of the rock.
Liquefaction Soil loses some of its strength due to water allowing it to sink structures.
Tectonic Plate Boundaries Areas where tectonic plates meet and cause activity.
Seismic waves Movement of the Earth's crust caused by Earthquakes.
Biosphere Includes all parts of the earth that host life, with all its organisms and environments.
Hydrosphere Composed of all of the water on or near the earth's surface.
Lava Molten rock that has erupted to the Earth's surface.
Magma Molten rock found beneath the surface of the Earth. Becomes lava after erupting from the volcanos.
Earthquake Violent shaking of the Earth caused by the movement of tectonic plate, volcanic activity, or other movements of the Earth's crust.
Continental drift Epicenter: Where the movement takes place. Damage can be based on depth of epicenter, distance from epicenter, and type of soil.
Primary waves First waves to arrive at a seismograph. Fastest seismic waves and can move through solid, liquid, or gas.
Secondary waves Travel up & down and can Only travel Through SOLIDS. Second waves to arrive during an earthquake.
Richter scale(0-10) How strength of earthquakes are measured.
Tsunami -Massives waves & used to be called tidal waves. As it approaches the coast line, water on the bottom slow down causing the waves to get taller. -caused by underwater earthquakes or huge landslides -Can travel up to 300 mph
Volcanoes Happen at tectonic boundaries or over hot spots.
Hot spot A weak spot in the Earth's crust where magma can punch through.
Magma Chamber A void in the upper mantle where magma can collect.
Cone Made from old lava that's cooled in volcanic ash.
Ash cloud Material being ejected from
Created by: volleyball09
 

 



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