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Politics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Power | The ability to influence or control the behavior of people and outcomes. |
| Authority | The right to use power that people recognize as legitim |
| Traditional authority | Power based on customs, traditions, and long-standing practices. |
| Charismatic authority | Power based on an individual’s personal charm and leadership. |
| Legal rational authority | Power based on laws, rules, and procedures, not personal traits. |
| Legitimacy | When people accept a government’s right to rule |
| State | A political organization with control over a defined territory and population. |
| Government | The system or group of people that runs the state and makes decisions. |
| Failed state | A state that has lost control over its territory and cannot provide basic services |
| Nation | A group of people united by shared culture, history, or identity. |
| Nationalism | Pride in and loyalty to one’s nation; belief that each nation should govern itself. |
| Civic nationalism | National unity based on shared citizenship and values, not ethnicity. |
| Ethnic nationalism | National identity based on shared ethnicity, ancestry, or culture. |
| Liberalism | Belief in individual freedom, equality, democracy, and limited government |
| Conservatism | Belief in tradition, social order, and gradual change rather than revolution |
| Socialism | Belief that production and wealth should be owned or controlled by society. |
| Comunismo | A system where all property is owned collectively and there are no social classes. |
| Fascism | Authoritarian nationalism that values loyalty to the state, dictatorship, and strong control |
| Democratic socialism | Mix of democracy and socialism—government provides welfare while people still vote freely. |
| Social democracy | A capitalist system with strong social welfare programs and equality-focused policies. |
| Left-wing populism | Focuses on helping “the people” against economic elites; supports equality and reform. |
| Right-wing populism | Focuses on nationalism, traditional values, and opposing immigration or elites |
| Reform | Gradual change or improvement of systems or institutions (not revolution). |
| Coercion | Forcing someone to do something through threats or pressure. |
| Inducement | Encouraging action by offering rewards or incentives. |
| Persuasion | Convincing someone through argument or reasoning. |
| Feminism | The belief in equality of all genders and advocacy for women’s rights. |
| Liberal feminism | Focuses on achieving equality through laws and reforms. |
| Social feminism | Connects gender inequality to economic inequality under capitalism. |
| Radical feminism | Believes society must be fundamentally changed to eliminate patriarchy. |
| Environmentalism | Movement to protect the natural environment from harm caused by humans. |
| Environmentalism (as ideology) | Belief that humans must respect and protect nature. |
| Jeep ecology | Likely a typo for “Deep ecology” → belief that all living beings have equal value, not just hu |
| Social ecology | Belief that environmental problems come from social and economic inequality. |
| Ecofeminism | Connects the domination of women and nature, arguing both stem from patriarchy. |
| Anthropocentrism | Human-centered view that sees humans as more important than nature. |
| Sustainable development | Using resources responsibly to meet today’s needs without harming future generations. |
| Historical materialism | Marx’s theory that history is shaped by material (economic) conditions and class struggle. |
Created by:
Laurinha