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Biological Bases

AP Pysch Unit 1.1-1.3a, 1.4b-1.4c Day 1 Notes

QuestionAnswer
Phineas P. Gage Survived a large rod driven through head -Personality comes from the brain -We can operate on the brain
Neurons Individual cells that receive, integrate, and transmit info
Soma (Cell Body) Contains nucleus and much of cells normal organs
Dendrite Parts of a neuron that receives info
Axon Long fiber that transmits info away to neurons, muscles, or glands
Myelin Sheath Insulating material that encases some axons Generates faster signals
Nodes of Ranvier Axonal membranes that is uninsulated & thus capable of generating electrical activity
Action Potential Brief electrical charge that travels down axon Generated by movement of (+) charged atoms in & out of channels in axon membrane
Threshold Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Synapse Junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron & the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron Tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap/cleft
Neurotransmitters Chemical messenger that transverse the synaptic gaps between neurons
Nerves Bundles of neuron fibers (axons) that are routed together in PNS
PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) all nerves outside brain & spinal cord
Somatic nervous system Nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles & to sensory receptors
Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulates body fight/flight response
Parasympathetic Nervous System "Parachutes" us down to earth after flight/fight response
Endocrine System consists of glands that secrete chemicals into bloodstream that help control bodily functioning -in charge of adrenaline effect
Hormones chemical messengers in endocrine system -travel much slower than neurotransmitters -regulate physical/behavioral functions
Pituitary Gland -based in hypothalamus -releases hormones into body
Created by: yatin24
 

 



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