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Bio test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This organelle is the site of protein synthesis in a cell. | Ribosomes |
| This structure functions as an“intracellular highway” that provides a path along which molecules are moved through the cell. | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| This organelle receives proteins from the rough ER for final modifications. | Golgi apparatus |
| This enzyme-containing structure breaks down alcohols and kills bacteria. | Peroxisome |
| An internal framework and support system that anchors the organelles in the cytoplasm. | Cytoskeleton |
| What is the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? | Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it. Smooth ER has no ribosomes. |
| This organelle makes the lipids that will be used in membranes. | Smooth ER |
| These small spherical sacs that are classified by their contents may contain enzymes or other types of proteins. | Vesicles |
| This structure is a storage area inside cells. | Vacuole |
| Name two of the fiber types that compose the cytoskeleton. | Microfilaments and microtubules. |
| These structures are composed of DNA and serve as the storehouse for genetic information. | Chromosomes |
| These structures may be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. | Ribosomes |
| This organelle sorts and packages proteins and ships them to their final destinations. | Golgi apparatus |
| This organelle converts glucose and other organic molecules into a form of usable cell energy called ATP. | Mitochondria |
| These organelles organize the microtubules that are used to separate chromosomes during cell division. | Centrioles |
| In what place are the ribosomal subunits manufactured? | Nucleus |
| Newly made proteins from the ribosomes are inserted into spaces of this organelle where they are modified and shaped into functioning proteins. | Rough ER |
| This organelle contains strong digestive enzymes that break down large molecules and cellular debris. | Lysosomes |
| These structures found inside the mitochondria increase the surface area for the reactions of cellular respiration. | Cristae |
| Name two organelles found in animal cells that are not found in plant cells. | Lysosomes, Centrioles |
| Name three organelles found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells. | Cell wall, Plastids, Central Vacuole |
| The rigid supporting structure found to the outside of the cell membrane is the _____. It is composed of a stringy carbohydrate called _____. | Cell wall, cellulose |
| The very large fluid-filled structure in a plant cell is the _____. The pressure of water inside this structure creates _____ which helps give structure to the cell. | Central vacuole, Turgor pressure |
| Organelles where photosynthesis occurs are called _____. They contain membranes called _____ that increase the surface area for photosynthesis. | Chloroplasts,Thylakoids |
| Plastids that give fruits and flowers their colors are called _____. | Chromoplasts |
| Plastids that store starch are called _____. | Leucoplasts |
| The smallest unit of life that can carry out all the processes of life. | Cell |
| A one-celled organism is called? | unicellular organism |
| A group of genetically identical cells that live in a connected group but have no relationship with one another. | colonial organism |
| Groups of highly specialized cells that live and work together in coordinated fashion. | multicellular organism |
| The evolutionary adaptation of a cell or group of cells to carry out one specific function. | Cell specialization |
| What are the advantages of cell specialization? | A cell that carries out only one function can adapt to carrying out that function very efficiently. |
| What are the disadvantages of cell specialization? | Highly specialized cells are very dependent on one another. If one group of cells fails to carry out its function, all cells will perish. |
| What is the relationship between these terms: Cell, tissue, organ, organ system | A group of cells that carry out the same function is a tissue. A group of tissues that work together to carry out a similar function is an organ. A group of organs that work together is called an organ system. |
| In 1665, this scientist was the first to use the word “cell.” | Robert Hooke |
| In the late 1660’s, this scientist used his simple microscopes to view and describe a world of microorganisms. | Leeuwenhoek |
| These two German scientists concluded that all plants and animals were made of cells. | Schleiden and Schwann |
| In 1858, this scientist concluded that all cells arise from preexisting cells. | Virchow |
| What is a prokaryotic cell? | It does not have a true nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles. |
| What is a eukaryotic cell? | It has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| What organisms are prokaryotes? | Bacteria |
| What organisms are eukaryotes? | Animals, Plants, Fungi, and Protists |
| What is an organelle? | Its a subcellular structure that has a specific job or function within the cell. |
| A cell is composed of what two parts? | Nucleus and Cytoplasm |
| Membranes are composed almost entirely of what two organic compounds? | Phospholipids and proteins. |
| Structures in the nucleus that are composed of DNA are called? | Chromosomes |
| The coded instructions for making proteins are contained in molecules of _____. | DNA |
Created by:
Callie999