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AP Bio Quiz 3

TermDefinition
Evolution change in genetic characteristics of a population over time
founder effect a new population is started because of a small group of individuals
bottleneck effect when a large population is drastically reduced by a non-selective disaster
gene flow change of frequency of traits in a population due to immigration/emigration
equalizing change hard to predict the effect
sexual selection change in frequency f triait in a population due to gender preferences
disruptive selection against the mean and toward the extremes
stabilizing selection towards the mean and against the extremes
directional selection towards one extreme
allopatric speciation other country geographical barriers enough time and variation will cause species to be reproductively isolated
sympatric speciation same country remain in same area but become reproductively isolated
effects of isolation isolation does not always result in speciation hybrids cana serve as genetic link
gradualism evolution happens slowly and steadily over time
punctuated equilibrium evolution occurs in rapid bursts of change followed by long periods of stability
gene determines a trait
allele a variant of a gene all sexually reproducing organisms have 2 alleles
Evolution change in genetic characteristics of a population over time
founder effect a new population is started because of a small group of individuals
bottleneck effect when a large population is drastically reduced by a non-selective disaster
gene flow change of frequency of traits in a population due to immigration/emigration
equalizing change hard to predict the effect
sexual selection change in frequency f triait in a population due to gender preferences
disruptive selection against the mean and toward the extremes
stabilizing selection towards the mean and against the extremes
directional selection towards one extreme
allopatric speciation other country geographical barriers enough time and variation will cause species to be reproductively isolated
sympatric speciation same country remain in same area but become reproductively isolated
effects of isolation isolation does not always result in speciation hybrids cana serve as genetic link
gradualism evolution happens slowly and steadily over time
punctuated equilibrium evolution occurs in rapid bursts of change followed by long periods of stability
gene determines a trait
allele a variant of a gene all sexually reproducing organisms have 2 alleles
dominant an allele that will show a trait regardless of other allele
recessive an allele that will only show a trait if both alleles are recessive
homozygous any individual who has 2 copies of the same allele homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive
heterozygous any individual who has one copy of a dominant allele and one copy of a recessive allele
population a localized group of interbreeding individuals
gene pool the collection of alleles in the population
evolution change in allele frequencies in a population
5 sources of evolution mutation gene flow non-random mating genetic drift natural selection
mutation creates variation new ones always appearing changes dna-amino acid-protien-functions-traits-fitness
gene flow movement of individuals and alleles in and out of populations seed and pollen distribution animal migration reduces differences
non random mating sexual selection
genetic drift effect of chance effects loss of alleles from gene pool
natural selection differential survival and reproduction due to changing environmental conditions combinations of alleles that provide fitness increases adaptive evolutionary change
hardy weinberg hypothetical non evolving population hat preserves allele frequencies
dominant allele P
recessive allele Q
variation individuals in a population cary in their traits
inheritance these traits are passed from parents to offspring
differential survival and reproduction more offspring are produced than can survive leading to competition
adaption over time the population becomes adapted to its environment as advantageous traits become more common
Created by: syd_frank
 

 



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