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Gov #4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are democratic ideals? | Principles that attempt to define the proper relationship between people and the government. |
| What are the 4 democratic ideals? | Natural Rights, Social Contract, Popular Sovereignty, and Limited Government. |
| What are the democratic ideals in the declaration of independence? | Natural Rights and Popular Sovereignty |
| What are the democratic ideals in the Constitution? | Limited Government and Social Contract |
| What are natural rights? | They are innate, inviolate, and life, liberty, and property. |
| What is the social contract? | People give up some rights to the government and the government protects the rights. |
| What is popular sovereignty? | Says that power derives from the people |
| What is limited government? | Permissions and prohibitions. |
| What are the constitutional principles that ensure limited government? | Separation of Powers, Checks and balances, Federalism, and Republicanism. |
| What is Republicanism? | Elected representatives |
| What is federalism? | Shared power between state and federal government. |
| What are checks and balances? | Branches can limit and influence each other. |
| What is separation of powers? | 3 branches. |
| What is a participatory democracy? What are some pros and cons? | Emphasizes broad participation in politics. Pros: More representation, more legitimacy. Cons: Low information, tyranny of the majority. |
| What is pluralist Democracy? What are some pros and cons? | Groups, who have shared interests or identity, compete between each other. Pros: Magnifies interest Cons: Hyperpluralism (too many groups to govern efficiently ) |
| What is Elite democracy? What are some pros and cons? | Participation is limited to the few. Pros: Only the best are chosen Cons: Narrow interests, and some groups might not be represented. |
| What are 3 types of democracy? | Participatory democracy, pluralist democracy, and elite democracy. |
| What were the articles of confederation? | The U.S. government from 1776-1787. Structure is a unicameral congress |
| What are the weaknesses of the articles of confederation? | No centralized military power, no executive branch, no judicial branch, inability to regulate interstate commerce, no monetary control, value, and supply of currency, no fiscal, and difficult to pass laws or amend. |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of no centralized military? | Congress can form and fund the military, president is commander in chief. |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of no executive branch? | Article 2 |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of no judicial branch? | Article 3 |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of inability to regulate interstate commerce? | Commerce Clause, article I, section 8 |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of no monetary control, value, and supply of currency? | Congress is able to print money, article I, section 8 |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of no fiscal (taxing) | Congress is able to levy taxes, create a budget, and borrow money. |
| How did the Constitution address the weakness of difficulty passing laws or amending things? | For laws congress has simple majority and for amendments the amendment process (article 5) |
| What are the 7 articles? | 1 - Legislative branch, 2 - Executive branch, 3 - Judicial branch, 4 - State's relationships, 5 - Amendment process, 6 Supremacy clause, 7 - Ratification process |
| What are the issue with big states and small states and how was it resolved? | Small states wanted equal representation and big states wanted proportional representation. The great compromise created the bicameral Senate and house of representatives. |
| What was the issue with electing the president and the decision between participatory and elite democracy? | People would elect the members of the electoral college and the electoral college votes for the president. |
| What was the issue between federalists vs anti-federalists and what was the solution? | The federalists wanted a big central government and the anti-federalists did not, bill of rights was the solution |
| What was the issue between South and North with slavery? | They weren't sure what to do with slavery so they decided on ending the slave trade in 1808, and the 3/5 Compromise which counted 5 slaves as 3 people for the population. |
| What was the issue between stability and flexibility? | Article 5 (amendment process) |
| What are the checks of the legislative branch? | Senate confirmation of federal judges, Senate confirmation of executive officers (cabinet), Senate Ratification of treaties, congressional oversight (subpoena powers), create courts and adjust jurisdiction, budgeting, amendment proposal |
| What are the checks of the legislative branch? | Pass legislation that limits presidential discretionary authority, override a veto, impeachment. |
| What are the checks of the executive branch? | Nominate federal judges, Issue executive orders, veto legislation, and pocket vote. |
| What are the checks of the judicial branch? | Judicial review of state laws, federal laws, executive orders, bureaucratic rules, and injunctions. |
| What are the four core political values of Americans? | Individualism, equality of opportunity, free enterprise, and rule of law. |
| Each person has the ability to shape their life and destiny through choices they make. | Individualism |
| All people are given an equal chance to succeed. | Equality of Opportunity |
| The market determines prices, products, and services. | Free enterprise |
| Every person, even those in power, must follow and is accountable to the law. | Rule of Law |
| What is the argument of federalist 10? | Addressed the problem of factions and how factions are the tyranny of the majority. The solution is having a large enough government to diffuse power. |
| What is the argument of Brutus 1? | Says that the supremacy clause and necessary and proper clause gives the government a blank check to create any laws they want. The country is too large and too diverse, and states are more representative, small republics are closer to the people. |
| What is the argument of Federalist 51? | Men are always going to try and take power, so the government needs to be able to separate power and have checks and balances for the government. |
| What are liberals and conservatives ideas about individualism? | Liberals: Believe in individual identity and lifestyles, that you live your life according to what you want. Conservatives: Believe in economic individualism (responsibility) |
| What are liberals and conservatives ideas about equality of opportunity? | Liberals: equity, everyone starts in different places. Conservatives: equality; everyone has the chance to create their own success. |
| What are liberals and conservatives ideas about free enterprise? | Liberals: economy based on rules and regulations, but corruption and anger occurs. Conservatives: Lassiez faire economies, but monopolies take control. |
| What are liberals and conservatives ideas about rule of law? | Liberals and conservatives both try and rationalize bad things that people they like do, but when people on the other side do bad things, they blow up. |
| What is dual federalism? | It is the clear distinction between the state and federal responsibility. |
| What is cooperative federalism? | It is the blended responsibility between the state and national government. |
| What are block grants? | Money is given to states for a general purpose; few limitation or conditions on the money. |
| What are categorical grants? | Money is given to states for a specific purpose with clear and strict conditions. |
| What are mandates? | Laws that are passed by the federal government that compel and require state actions. |
| What is the difference between funded mandates and unfunded mandates? | Funded mandates are given money and unfunded mandates are not given money. |
| What is devolution? | Process by which the federal government shifts responsibilities back to the states. |
| What are some constitutional provisions that shift power to the federal government? | Commerce clause, increasing economic integration, 14th amendment (allows federal government to trump discriminatory state laws), Necessary and Proper Clause, and Supremacy Clause |
| What are some constitutional provisions that protect the power of states? | 10th amendment, Police powers, Article 4 (Full Faith and Credit Clause, and Privileges and Immunities) |
| How did US v. Lopez and McCulloch v. Maryland inform our understanding of Federalism? | Lopez gave power to the states and said that the commerce clause is being used too broadly. 10th amendment. MuCulloch gave power to the federal government and said due to necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause Congress could do those things. |
| How can the branches exercise influence over the other branches? | They use checks and balances to watch over each other. |
| ow can federalism create different policy outcomes in states? | Each states creates their own policies based on their own ideas and needs, and some policies are going to look different then others. |
| What is federalism? | Shared power between the state and national government and people elect representation to both state and national governments. |
| What are the benefits to federalism? | Two governments are protecting rights and experimentation. |
| What are the conflicts to federalism? | Conflict between the 10th and 14th amendment. |
| What is the consent of the governed? | Government's power is legitimate only when it comes from the people it rules. |
| What was Shay's Rebellion? | It was an armed uprising in Massachusetts over a debt crisis and it displayed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a new government. |
| What is Article 5? | Congress needs a 2/3 vote from both the House and the Senate and then there needs to be a 3/4 vote of yes from the states. |
| What are the three branches of government? | Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. |
| What does the necessary and proper clause say? | Congress can create any law that helps them function. |
| What does the supremacy clause say? | National law trumps state law |
| What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause? | States must recognize the statue of other citizens and can't discriminate against them. |
| What are enumerated powers? | Specific powers that are granted to the federal government by the Consitution |
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