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bio test unit1
im passing with 100% ijn
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what r the rules of Binomial nomenclature | if written, 1st letter of genus capitalized, species lowecase and both underlined if typed, 1st letter of genus capitalized, species lowecase and italicized |
| What is Hierarchal Classification | classification in which groups are contained with larger more general groups |
| What is the Morphological species concept | identifying species based on morphology (body shape, size and structure) |
| What is the Phylogenic species concept | identifying species based phylogeny (evolution history) |
| What is the Biological species concept | identifying species based on their ability to produce fertile offspring |
| What is taxonomy | the classification of organisms into ranks |
| what are the different ranks of taxonomy | Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Classes, Orders, Family, Genus, Species (DKPCOFGS, dear king phillip came over for good soup) |
| What three types of evidence do scientists use to uncover relationships between organisms | 1. Anatomical Evidence 2. Physiological Evidence 3. DNA Evidence |
| What is anatomy | branch of biology that deals with the structure and form of organisms including internal systems |
| How is anatomical evidence used | comparing the anatomy of different species using fossils or looking for homologus structures |
| what is physiology | the study of the biochemistry of organisms in |
| How is physiological evidence used | comparing proteins between species because proteins are determined by genes. this reveal how genetically similar organisms are |
| how is DNA evidence used | comparing DNA sequences of different species to determine evolutionary realtionships |
| What is a phylogenic tree | a branching diagram that represents a hypothesis about the evolutionary relativeness between speices |
| what is an ancestor | any organism from which another organism has descended, forming a part of its evolutionary lineage |
| What is a heterotroph | an organism that eats other organisms for food |
| What is an autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| What is a dichotomous key | a key/index that helps identify organisms through a series of choices with 2 contradicting options |
| What is a eukaryotic cell | a cell that has a present nucleus, generally larger cell size, present organelles, linear DNA, which produces sexually (no cell wall) |
| What is a prokaryotic cell | a cell that has an absent nucleus, generally smaller cell size, absent organelles, circular DNA, which produces asexually (present cell wall) |
| what is a sessile organism | an organism which cannot move |
| what is a motile organism | an organism which can move |
| What is a capsid | protective protein coat of a virus which holds genetic material |
| what is the lytic cycle | a process that produces a new virus inside a host cell and results in the destruction of the cell |
| what are the steps of the lytic cycle | 1. attachment 2. entry 3. replication 4. assembly 5. lysis |
| what is the lysogenic cycle | a process where viral DNA replicates along with the host's dna without killing the host immediately |
| what are the 3 common shapes of prokaryotic cells | cocci - spherical bacilli - rod shaped spirilla - spiral shaped |
| What is conjugation | exchange of DNA between bacteria, sharing material transferring between two cells via pilus (bridging structure) |
| what is an extremophile | archaea which live in extreme conditions like high temp, high acid content, and high salt concentration |
| what is a mesophile | bacteria that live in moderate condiitons |
| what is methanogenesis | a process of archaea producing methane gas using methanogens |
| what is the endosymbiotic theory | the theory that a larger cell engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells capable of aerobic respiration or photosynthesis (cells evolved to be mitochondria and chloroplasts) |
| what is cilia | hair like projections that help certain prokaryotic cells move |
| what is flagella | a tail that helps certain prokaryotic cells move |
| what is a pseudopod | false feet that helps certain prokaryotic cells move |
| what is an embryo | plant data inside a seed protected and nourished by parent |
| what is a gametophyte | a haploid organism |
| what is a sporophyte | a diploid organism |
| what is an angiosperm | organisms that protect their seeds in fruits and reproduce using flowers (vascular plants, protected seeds, reproduce with flowers) |
| what is a bryophyte | non-vascular seedless plants that reproduce with spores: gametophyte dominant (haploids) |
| what is a cone | reproductive structures of gymnosperms |
| what is a flower | angiosperm's specialized structures for reproduction |
| what is a fruit | angiosperm's specialized structures for seed protection |
| what is a gymnosperm | a vascular plant that produces naked seeds. reproduces with cones (male and female) and is sporophyte dominant (diploid) |
| what is a fungus (skip maybe) | diverse group of eukaryotic organisms |
| what is the hyphae | the unique filaments of mycelium |
| what is mycelium | fungi's branching network of filaments underground |
| what is bilateral symmetry | when an organism can be divided into two mirror image halves |
| what is radial symmetry | when an organism can be split around a central axis |
| what is segmentation | the division of an animals body into segments that can operate independently |
| what is a coelom | fluid filled cavity - for organ development and movement |
| what is an exoskeleton | external body covering for the body of some invertebrates like anthropods |
| what is an endoskeleton | internal skeleton of vertebrates |
| what is an invertebrate | an animal without a backbone |
| what is a mammary gland | gland in chest area which allows for secretion of milk for offspring |
| what is a notochord | flexible rod like structure that muscles attach to (which was replaced by spine) |
| what is a vertebrate | an animal with a backbone |
| what is a tetrapod | four legged animal |
| what is antheridium | plant structure that produces male gametes (sperm) |
| what is archegonium | plant structure that produces female gametes (eggs) |
| What cell types do bacteria and archaea have | prokaryotes |
| What cell types do protists, pants, fungi, and animals have | eukaryote |
| are bacteria and archaea unicellular or multicellular | unicellular |
| are plants and animals unicellular or multicellular | multicellular |
| are protists and fungi unicellular or multicellular | fungi are mostly multicellular protists are unicellular and multicellular |
| what type of nutrition do bacteria, archaea, and protists use | autotrophic and heterotrophic |
| what type of nutrition do plants use | autotrophic |
| what type of nutrition do animals and fungi use | heterotrophic |
| how do bacteria and archaea reproduce | asexually |
| how do protists reproduce | asexually and sexually |
| how do plants, fungi, and animals reproduce | sexually |
| how do archaea and bacteria reproduce | binary fission (asexual) conjugation (sexual) |
| what is some evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory | 1. DNA (mitochon and chloropla have own DNA separate from cell) 2. ribosomes similar to other prokaryotes 3. Divide by binary fission like prokaryotes 4. double membrane, evidence of being eated 5. similar genes to bacteria |
| what are some adaptations plants used to help them survive on land | 1. vascular tissue to carry water 2. cuticle to reduce water loss by evaporation 3. stomata to regulate gas exchange while minimizing water loss 4. embryo protected by parent to improve land surival 5. roots to anchor plant and absorb water from soil |
| how many chambered hearts do fish have | 2 |
| how many chambered hearts do amphibians and reptiles have | 3 |
| how many chambered hearts do birds and mammals have | 4 |
| what are some impacts of bacteria on human life | cyanobacteria photosynthesizing probiotic bacteria in gut that helps is inhibit growth of disease causing bacteria bad bacteria can cause disease like pneumonia |
| what are some ways animals adapted to live on land | lungs certain movement strategies limbs internal strucuture amniotic eggs (reptiles) |
| what plants make up the majority of non-vascular plants(bryophytes) | mosses, liverworts, hornworts |
| what plants make up the majority of seedless vascular plants(sporophytes) | ferns |
| what plants make up the majority of gymnosperms | plants like evergreens |
| what plants make up the majority of angiosperms | plants which can produce flowers |
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