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Anatomy Definitions
Ridges, Cusps, etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the clinical crown? | The amount of tooth visible above gumline. |
| What is anatomical crown? | Part of tooth that's covered by enamel. |
| What is the clinical root? | Amount of tooth below the gumline. |
| What is the anatomical root? | Amount of tooth covered by cementum. |
| Define line angle | The junction where two tooth surfaces meet. |
| Define point angle | The junctions of three tooth surfaces at a point. |
| How to find crown to root ratio? | Root length divided by crown length. |
| What is a cusp? | A pyramidal elevation with a peak called a cusp tip. |
| What is a cusp ridge? | Linear prominences of enamel that converge toward the cusp tip. (Think of the poles that put a tent together) |
| What are the 9 types of ridges? | Buccal ridge, mesial cusp ridge, distal cusp ridge, triangular ridge, transverse ridge, oblique ridge, labial ridge, lingual ridge, marginal ridge. |
| Where are buccal ridges found on tooth's surface? | cervico-occlusally on the buccal surface |
| Where are mesial cusp ridges found on surface of tooth? | extending from the tip of a tooth cusp towards the mesial surface |
| Where are distal cusp ridges found on surface of tooth? | Extending from the tip of a tooth cusp towards the distal surface. |
| True or false: Triangular ridges are only located on anterior teeth. | False, they are only located on posterior teeth. |
| What is a triangular ridge? | Convex, triangular shaped area that extends from cusps tip toward the tooth's central groove. |
| What is a transverse ridge? | Ridge formed by the joining of buccal and lingual triangular ridges. |
| What is the only type of tooth that has an oblique ridge? | Maxillary molars |
| What is an oblique ridge? | An angled elevation, formed by the union of the distal triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp and the mesial triangular ridge of the mesiolingual cusp |
| What is a labial ridge? | Ridge that runs cervicoincisally from the cusp tip. |
| What tooth type has a labial ridge? | Mostly canines. |
| What is a lingual ridge? | Ridge that extends lingually toward the cingulum. |
| What is a cingulum? | The bulge located in the cervical third of the lingual surface of a crown. |
| What tooth types have cingulum? | Incisors, canines |
| On anterior teeth, what do marginal ridges form? | The mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface. |
| On anterior teeth, where do the distal and mesial marginal ridges converge? | The cingulum. |
| What teeth have cervical ridges? | Permanent molars. |
| Where is the cervical ridge? | Runs mesiodistally in the cervical 1/3 of the crown's facial surface. |
| What is the HOC? | The point of greatest bulge or widest circumference on a tooth's crown |
| What is the HOC on buccal surface of molars? | Cervical ridge |
| What is a groove? | Linear channel that is found between cusps in the depth of the sulcus. |
| What are developmental grooves? | Separate cusps that are formed from the developmental lobes. The obvious center groove. |
| What is a central groove? | Type of developmental groove that separates the buccal cusps from the lingual cusps. |
| What are supplemental grooves? | Less obvious shallow grooves that branch from the developmental groove. |
| What is a fossa? | An irregular depression or hollow. |
| How are fossa named? | By location. There are mesial, distal, and central fossa. |
| What is it called when a tooth's root is split in 3? | Trifurcation. |
| What tooth has the longest crown? | Mandibular canine |
| Longest tooth overall? | Maxillary canine |
| Longest root? | Max canine |
| Widest crown mesiodistally | Mandibular first molar |
| Widest crown buccolingually | Max first molar |
| Narrowest crown mesiodistally? | Mand central incisor |
| Greatest cervical line curve? | Mesial of max incisor |
| How many lobes do most teeth develop from? | Three to five |
| How many lobes do anterior teeth develop from? | Four- 3 facial lobes and 1 lingual lobe |
| A five cusped molar formed from how many lobes? | 5 |
| Which teeth and which surfaces have the greatest curvature at the CEJ? | Mesial surface of the anterior teeth |
| What is a developmental depression? Where can they be found? | A shallow groove or line. Between cusps and/or lobes |
| How to tell the difference between left and right teeth? | Look for the mesial and distal surface characteristics. |
| How many cusps do the incisors have? | None |
| How many cusps do the canines have? | One |
| How many cusps do the premolars have? | Two |
| How many cusps does the maxillary first molar have? | Four, or five if it has the cusp of carabelli |
| How many cusps does the maxillary second molar have? | Four most often. Sometimes five if it has a cusp of carabelli but this is NOT common |
| How many cusps does the maxillary third molar have? | Usually 3, forms a heart. |
| How many cusps does the mandibular first molar have? | Five, NO CUSP OF CARABELLI THO |
| How many cusps does the mandibular second molar have? | Four |
| How many cusps does the mandibular third molar have? | Four or five |
| On the maxillary premolars, is the 1st or 2nd premolar bigger? | The 1st premolar is bigger. |
| On the mandibular premolars, is the 1st or 2nd premolar bigger? | The 2nd premolar is bigger |
| On the maxillary molars, is the first or second bigger? | The 1st is bigger |
| On the mandibular molars, is the 1st or 2nd bigger? | The 1st is bigger |
| What is a lobe on a tooth? | One of the primary sections of formation in the development of the crown. The different sections make up the tooth. |
| How many lobes do ALL anteriors have? | Four, 3 on the facial, one on the lingual. |
| How many lobes do premolars have? | They all have 4 EXCEPT for the mandibular 2nd premolar that has 5. |
| Give upper right, upper left, lower left, and lower right tooth number ranges in the FDI method of numbering: | Upper right: 18-11 Upper left: 21-28 Lower left: 38-31 Lower right:41-48 |
| How would tooth 18 be written in FDI system? | 1-8 |
| What are the different types of embrasures? (6) | Incisor/occlusal embrasure, Cervical embrasure, lingual embrasure, buccal/facial embrasure. |
| What is a fissure? | A defective groove that happened because 2 sides of the developmental lobes didn't fuse |
| How many roots do the anterior teeth have? | 1 |
| How many roots do the premolars have? | One, except for the maxillary 1st premolar which has 2. |
| How many roots do the maxillary molars have? | 3 |
| How many roots do the mandibular molars have? | 2 |
| Which teeth have cingulum? | All anterior teeth |
| Location of the cingulum on the maxillary central incisors? | On lingual side, offset to distal. |
| Location of the cingulum on the maxillary lateral incisors? | On lingual side, centered. |
| Cingulum location on the maxillary canines? | On lingual side, centered. |
| Cingulum location of the mandibular central incisors? | On lingual side, centered. |
| Cingulum location of the mandibular lateral incisors? | On lingual side, offset to distal. |
| Cingulum location of mandibular canines? | On lingual side, offset to distal. |
| List the hard tissues in order from softest to hardest? | Enamel, dentin, cementum, alveolar bone, pulp |
| Define cementoenamel junction: | Place where cementum meets enamel |
| Define dentinoenamel junction: | Place where dentin meets the enamel. |
| Define cementodentinal junction: | Place where the cementum meets the dentin. |
| On the maxillary central incisor, how can you tell which side is mesial vs distal? | The mesial side has a 90 degree angle |
| Is the mandibular central or lateral incisor larger? | Mandibular lateral incisor is wider and has a longer crown. |
| Which way do primary roots bend? | Labially. |
| How do primary and permanent crowns differ? | Primary are plainer. |
| How do primary and permanent roots differ? | Primary are more spread out. |
| How does the mesial cusp ridge slope and distal cusp ridge slope differ on canines? | The mesial cusp ridge slope is shorter than the distal cusp ridge slope. |
| For the premolars, the lingual cusp is offset to blank. | Mesial |
| Which premolar has an uneven cusp tip height? | The mandibular first premolar |
| Which premolar is bifurcated? | The maxillary first premolar |
| For the maxillary first molar, where is the cusp of carabelli located? | Mesial lingual |
| For the mandibular first molar, on the buccal surface, there is a small blank. Where is it located? | Cusp On the distal |
| What are the three labial lobes that form the facial surface of all anterior teeth? | Mesial, middle, and distal lobes. |
| What can be found on the facial surface of all incisors? | Two vertical developmental depressions. |
| What are the three rounded elevations on the incisor edge of newly erupted permanent incisors called? | Mamelons. |
| Most stable way to tell the difference between a max central and max lateral incisor? | Width, central is usually wider. |
| What is the MI angle on max central incisors | close to 90 |
| What is the DI angle on max central incisors? | Greater than 90 |
| Where is the HOC located for maxillary incisors? | Cervical 1/3 |
| How do the cingulums of max incisors and max lateral incisors compare? | Max incisor cingulum is offset to distal, lateral is more centered. |
| What structure is the HOC for incisors? | Cingulum |
| How do the roots of a max central incisor differ from the roots on a max lateral incisor? | Bulkier, shorter, less tapered on max central incisors. |
| What may cause a lateral incisor to have a peg crown? | When there aren't as many lobes developing the tooth |
| when does tooth eruption start? | 6-10 months |
| What types of teeth and how many are in the primary teeth? | 8 molars, 4 canines, 8 incisors. |
| What teeth are usually last to exfoliate? | 1st and 2nd molars. |
| When do the 1st and 2nd molars usually exfoliate? | 12 yrs old. |
| What age range does mixed dentition occur? | 6-12 yrs |
| When does mixed dentition usually occur? | At the eruption of the mandibular 1st molar. |
| When does it end? | When the last primary tooth is shed. |
| What age range does permanent dentition usually occur? | 14-15 yrs |
| How do the max and mand arch differ? (2) | Mand is moveable through the TMJ, max can't move. Max is slightly wider. |
| What tooth takes the most biting force? | 1st molar |
| Traits that distinguish max and mand incisors? | 1.) Mandibular incisor ridges are more lingual. 2.) Mandibular incisor roots are longer 3.) Mandibular incisor crowns are smoother with less anatomy 4.) Mandibular incisor crowns are wider faciolingually than mesiodistally, max incisors are opposite |
| What is the longest and strongest tooth type in the mouth? | Canines |
| How does the incisor ridge of a canine differ from an incisors incisal ridge? | The incisal ridge of a canine is divided into two cusp ridges called mesial and distal slopes. |
| These two cusp ridges meet at an angle to form what? | A cusp |
| How do the lengths of the mesial and distal cusp ridges compare to each other on both max and mand canines? | The mesial cusp ridge is shorter than the distal cusp ridge. |
| Canines are the only teeth with which ridge type? | Labial ridge |
| Max and mand canines are wider blank than mesiodistally | labiolingually |
| How does the cingulum position differ from max to mand canines? | Cingulum is offset to distal on mand, centered on max. |
| Where is the HOC on the mesial side of the maxillary canines? | at the junction of the incisal and middle thirds. |
| Where is the HOC on the distal side of the maxillary canines? | Middle 1/3 |
| How do the roots of max and mand canines differ? | In mand canines, roots have unpredictable curvature. In max canine, root often curves to distal. |
| What can be found on the mesial and distal surface of the canine's roots? | Developmental depressions on the mesial and distal surfaces. The distal depression is deeper especially on the mandibular canines. |
| How do the crowns of max and mand premolars differ? | Max have longer crowns, mand have shorter more square crowns. |
| How do the widths of the max and mand premolars differ? | Max are wider faciolingually than mesiodistally. Mand are equal faciolingually and mesiodistally. |
| What ridge type is found more often on max premolars than mand premolars? | Transverse ridges. |
Created by:
Saylorlee5