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AP Psych Mod9
AP Psych Mod 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neurons | basic building blocks of nervous system; specialized cells designed to transmit information through body - made up of body cells, dendrites and an axon |
| soma | aka body cell |
| dendrites | receive messages from other cells and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
| axons | pass messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands |
| neurotransmission | signaling molecules are released by a neuron and bind to/activate receptors of another neuron |
| dopamine | influences attention and emotion; reward/pleasure |
| serotonin | affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal |
| norepinephrine | -helps control alertness and arousal |
| acetylcholine | enables muscle action, learning and memory |
| myelin sheath | -protects and covers axons - speeds up electrical impulses |
| Multiple sclerosis | -disease when myelin sheath gets damaged and slows down electrical impulses -causes speech disorders and bad coordination |
| Glial cells | -support cells of neurons -they provide nutrients, help myelin sheath and clean up |
| Action potential | -the electrical impulse sent between neurons when they "talk to each other" |
| What is the electrical charge inside and outside of the cell at resting? | -the fluid inside the cell is mostly negatively (potassium+ negatively charged proteins) -the fluid outside the cell is mostly positive (Sodium) |
| Resting potential | - the electrical charge difference across a cell's membrane when it is inactive and not sending an electrical signal |
| What happens when neurons fire electrical signals | -Sodium moves into cell and potassium moves out of the cell |
| Depolarization | -getting rid of polarity (goes from charged to uncharged cell) |
| Excitatory neurotransmitters | increases chances of neuron firing a electrical impulse (action potential) |
| Inhibitory neurotransmitters | decreases chances of neuron firing a electrical impulse (action potential) |
| Threshold | - the level of stimulus needed to trigger a electrical impulse |
| Refractory period | -the period where action potentials cannot be fired until axons return to their resting state |
| All or nothing response | -neurons either fire or don't fire a action potential - NO inbetween |
| Synapse | -where dendrites of one neuron and axons of another neuron meet -area where neurotransmitter is sent from one neuron to another |
| Synaptic cleft | -the space in between the dendrites of one neuron and the axons of another neuron -neurotransmitters cross the gap in vesicles to get from one neuron to another |
| How do neurotransmitters cause a action potential? | -they cause the release of sodium and potassium into the cell -this depolarizes the cell and makes a action potential |
| reuptake | -getting rid of excess neurotransmitters by reabsorbing them |
| acethycholine | -neurotransmitter used for stimulating muscle contraction |
| Endorphins | -natural pain killers -the neurotransmitter released in response to pain |
| Agonists | → Mimic the natural neurotransmitter by binding to and activating the receptor. → Enhance or produce the normal effect of neurotransmitter |
| Antagonists | -bind to and block the receptor so the natural neurotransmitter can’t bind or have an effect. |
| Substance P | a neurotransmitter that is primarily involved in the transmission of pain signals |
| GABA | -a neurotransmitter that calms down the nervous system |
| Serotonin | -a hormone regulates mood, sleep and hunger |
| myasthenia gravis | -a disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles due to acetylcholine receptors being damaged |
Created by:
KenechukwuIE