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earth and space
celestial bodies and 1-4 on exm revision for space
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| . Astronomy is the study of space and everything in it. . | astronomy |
| A celestial object is a name for any object that is found in space. some of them include Planets - Dwarf Planets - Comets - Moons - Asteroids - Star | celestial object |
| Solar System • A solar system consists of a star and all the objects that orbit it. • These objects can be any of the celestial objects named | solar sytem |
| • A galaxy is a big collection of gas, dust, stars and their solar systems held together by gravity. A galaxy is a collection of many billions of stars. 5. | Galaxy |
| • We are in the milky way galaxy. | what galaxy are we in |
| A scientist who studies the stars and other objects in space is called an astronomer. Astronomers use telescopes and other instruments to observe objects in space and how they move. | what is an astronomer and what do astronomers use |
| The sun is the centre of our solar system. This is known as the heliocentric model | the sun |
| Many years ago it was believed that the Earth was the centre and everything else orbited the Earth. This was known as the geocentric model. | what was believed many years ago and what was it called |
| Planets - Orbit a star - Must be large enough to be spherical in shape - Cleared its neighborhood of objects like itself | • An object must satisfy 3 criteria to be classified as a planet: they are... |
| There are 8 planets in our solar system: - Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn W: www.ExamRevision.ie - Uranus - Neptune | how many planets are in our solar system and what are the planets in our solar system called |
| in order as you move from the Sun, is: My Very Excited Mother Just Served Us Nachos | A tip tp help remember them, |
| Dwarf Planets • Dwarf planets do not meet the criteria to be planets. • For example, Pluto is spherical in shape, does orbit a star but has not cleared its neighborhood of objects like itself | dwarf plantes |
| • A satellite is an object which orbits another object which orbits the sun. | Satellites |
| is a man-made machine that orbits a body in space e.g The International Space Station | • An artificial satellite |
| • When they come in close contact with the sun, the ice and gases melt and form a tail which gives the comet their distinctive look. | what happens when comets come in close contact with the sun |
| The majority of them are found in the asteroid belt which is located between Mars and Jupiter | where are the majority of asterois found |
| 1. The universe is all of space and everything in it. | universe |
| 2. A star is a large ball of gas that gives off light and heat. 3. | star |
| 4 Mass is the total amount of matter in an object. It is calculated by multiplying the density of an object by the volume of the object. | .Mass |
| Gravity is an invisible force which pulls obejcts toward each other. An object with more mass generally has more gravity. | Gravity |
| 6. A dwarf planet is a round space object that travels around a star but has not cleared its own orbit. 7. | dwarf planet def |
| A moon is a naturally occurring satellite. | satellite e.g nautural |
| 9. An asteroid is a small rocky object that orbits a star. | asteroid |
| 10. A comet is a small object composed of frozen gases, ice, rock and dust that can glow and produce a tail. | comet |
| 11. Gravity is a force generated by all objects that attracts all other objects. | gravity |
| 12. The Big Bang theory suggests the universe began with an explosion that allowed all the universe's known matter and energy, as well as space and time, to form. | big bang theory |
| Observation of the Universe • Telescopes have long been used to observe the universe. | telescopes |
| • Hubble famously proved that there were other galaxies using a telescope. • | what did hubble famously prove |
| Hubble along with Humason found out that the galaxies were moving away from each other. • This led to the belief that the Universe is expanding. Theory •there | hubble along with humason found out what |
| Any hypothesis which has yet to be proven false is a theory. | hypothesis that has yet to be proven false |
| The Big Bang Theory • George Lemaitre proposed the theory of the expanding universe. • 13.82 billion years ago, violent expansion occurred from a single point, the size of an atom. | what did george leamature propose |
| • The “Big Bang” was a name (mockingly) given to Lemaitre’s idea – and it stuck. | what name was mockingly given to lemaitures idea |
| Cosmic Microwave Background radiation • The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is thought to be leftover radiation from the Big Bang. | cmb |
| • As the universe expanded it would have cooled down and nowadays it is about 3K. It would have been around 273 million K at the time. • | as the unerverse exapande it would have... |
| We can’t see the radiation or feel it as it is too cold but it is there | radiation can we see or feel it it why or why not |
| The abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins | The Big Bang Theory - Evidence [1] |
| The hot temperatures at the time didn’t support other elements to form, so when stars were formed of the lighter elements, they began to create the heavier ones in their cores | The Big Bang Theory - Evidence [2] |
| • There are 4 terrestrial or rocky planets. • They are also the 4 planets closest to the sun. • They are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars | Terrestrial Planets |
| • There are 4 gaseous planets. • They are also the 4 planets furthest from the sun. • They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune | Gaseous Planets |
| • Jupiter has the largest measure of surface gravity • | what planet has the largest measure of surface gravit |
| Venus has highest temperature and Neptune has the lowest | what planets have the highest and lowest temperatures |
| • Jupiter has the largest diameter and Mercury the smallest | what planets have the smallest and largest diametres |
| Diameter is the distance from one side of a planet to the other, through the center | Diameter |
| • The Earth’s axis is an imaginary line that links the North and South poles. • When the Earth spins, half of it faces the sun and the other half is in darkness. It takes 24 hours to complete a full spi | earths axis |
| • The Earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. | what angle is the earths axis tilted at |
| Seasons • A season is a division of a year. | seasons |
| • In winter, the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. This results in shorter days and colder weather. | winter in the northern hemisphere |
| • In summer, the Northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun. This results in longer days and warmer weather | summer in the northern hemisphere |
| Moon • The moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days. • It also rotates once on its axis every 27.3 days. | moon w |
| • The moon has no atmosphere and is covered in large craters as a result of large rocks crashing into it. | does the moon have an atmosphere and what is it covered in |
| • The moon is a non-luminous object meaning it does not emit light. We can see it because of the light from the sun reflecting off of it | is the moon a non luminous object and what does this mean and why can we see it |
| • The same side of the moon is always facing us but is not always lit by sunlight. This is because the rotation of the moon on its axis, and the orbit of the moon around the Earth are approximately the same amount of time. | Is The same side of the moon is always facing us and if so give reasons for your answer |
| • It frequently looks like the moon is changing shape, but this is just the amount of light shining on it changing. • These changes are known as lunar phases | what does it frequently look like |
| • The term ‘waxing’ is also used to describe how the moon appears to get bigger. | waxing |
| • The term ‘waning’ is also used to describe how the moon appears to get smaller | waning |
| 1 - New Moon: we see the side of the moon not receiving light. | new moon |
| • 2 - Crescent: As moon moves, a small fraction of it is lit by light for us to see. • | cresent |
| 3 - First quarter: Crescent waxes (appears to get bigger). • | first quarter |
| 4 - Gibbous: Moon continues to wax. When over half is lit, it is termed gibbous. | gibbous |
| • 5 - Full moon: we see the entirety of the side lit by sunlight | full moon |
| • 6 - Gibbous: Moon starts to get thinner. This is called waning. Shape is still gibbous as over half is lit. • | gibbous |
| 7 – Last/Third quarter: continues to be in waning stage. | last/third quarter |
| Crescent: forms a crescent before once again becoming a new moon | cresent |
| • An eclipse occurs when the light of the sun is blocked by the moon or the Earth. Solar eclipse | eclipse |
| • A solar eclipse occurs when the moon positions itself between the Earth and the sun. | solar |
| • Only the flames of the outer surface of the sun can be see Lunar eclipse | what can be seen of the sun during a lunar eclipse |
| • During a lunar eclipse, the shadow of the Earth falls one the surface of the moon | what happens 88 During a lunar eclipse |
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