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Water
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| salinity | The total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample |
| sonar | A system that uses reflected sound waves to locate and determine the distance to objects under water |
| seamount | A steep sided volcanic mountain rising from the deep-ocean floor |
| trench | A deep, steep-sided canyon in the ocean floor |
| continental shelf | A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent |
| abyssal plain | A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor |
| mid-ocean ridge | An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean |
| wave | A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. |
| wavelength | The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave, such as the distance between two crests |
| frequency | The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time |
| wave height | The vertical distance from the crest of a wave, such as the distance between two crests |
| tsunami | A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor |
| longshore drift | The movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle |
| rip current | A strong, narrow current that flows briefly from the shore back toward the ocean through a narrow opening |
| groin | A wall made of rocks or concrete that is built outward from a beach to reduce erosion |
| current | A large steam of moving water that flows through the oceans |
| Coriolis effect | The effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents |
| climate | The average annual conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in the area |
| El Nino | An abnormal climate event that occurs every two or seven years in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in winds, currents, and weather patterns for one or two years |
| La Nina | A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface waters are colder than normal |
| intertidal zone | An area between the highest high tide line on land and the point on the continetal shelf exposed by the lowest low tide line |
| neritic zone | The area of the ocean that extends from the low tide line out to the edge of the continental shlf |
| open-ocean zone | The deepest ,darkest area of the ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf |
| plankton | Tiny algae and animals that float in water and are carried by waves and currents |
| nekton | Free-swimming animals that can move throughout the water column |
| benthos | Organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean or another body of water |
| food web | The pattern of overlapping feeding relationships or food chains among the various organisms in an ecosystem |
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