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Honors Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anthropology | the study of humans, at all points in time and in all places |
| Ethnosphere | All of the cultures of the world are connected in a web like the biosphere |
| Emic | Insider View |
| Etic | Outsider View |
| Culture | That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society |
| indigenous people | peoples who are descendants of the original inhabitants of the land before the formation of the state, who have their own traditions, customary law and cultural values |
| Culture shock | the disorientation, confusion, or emotional response that a person experiences when adapting to an unfamiliar culture |
| synchronic study | Only concerned with what is happening now |
| diachronic study | Examines the history of a culture and how it is affecting the present |
| Neoliberalism | emphasizes free market economics and the individual |
| Lewis Henry Morgan | Evolutionary model of cultures measured by technological complexity (savage to civilized) |
| Franz Boas | Father of american anthropology, four field approach, historical particularism |
| historical particularism | Emphasizes that every culture develops its own unique historical path and should be understood within its specific historical and environmental context, rather than being placed on a single evolutionary scale |
| Malanowsky | Founded the functionalist school, major work in the trobian islands |
| Functionalism | Cultures succeed if they meet the biological and psychological needs of their populace |
| Levi Strauss | Founded structuralism: humans innately engage in black or white / this or that thought processes |
| Marvin Harris | developed his theory of cultural materialism to explain cultural difference as a product of local ecological and environmental conditions. |
| Bohanon | Shakespeare and the bush: idea of the particular, shows that there is no universal culture |
| Clifford Geertz | Interpretive method has been highly influential for the last 40 years. For symbolic anthropologists, culture constitutes a web of “texts” or complex meanings and contexts of which “the natives” have a nuanced understanding. |
| The last Nomads | Rendile: nomadic pastors of northern kenya Ariaal: became sedentary by raising livestock |
| Gê | complex worldview and social organization, Counter-example to Lewis Henry Morgan’s ideas, Brazil, Semi-nomadic hunter gatherers |
| Bororo | Brazil, Semi-nomadic hunter gatherers, Life among the Bororo is marked by a desire to mediate between dialectical oppositions: man/woman, light/dark, good/evil, culture/nature. Levi-Strauss studies these people |
| Penan | Asik Nyelit - headman of the Ubong River Penan One of the last nomadic peoples of Southeast Asia Strength of relationships is most important |
| EB Tylor and James Frazer | Armchair anthropologists Just reading reports Not going out and living with natives, not doing “real” work |
| Herodotus | 5th century, Greece “Barbarians” Uncivilized people Greek mock their language |
| Ibn Khaldun | Culture differences |
| Sir Thomas Brown | In 1646 Used to distinguish between the natives and the black salves, came up with the word “indigenous” |
| David Hume | Empirical investigation is only reliable source of knowledge |
| Rousseau | Idealized “primitive” societies |
| Gottfried | Each culture has its own soul therefore, they have a right to retain their customs |
| linguistic anthropology | studies the relationship between language, culture, and society |
| Social vs Cultural anthropology | social anthropology traditionally focuses more on social structure, institutions, and the organization of society, cultural anthropology emphasizes the lived experience, beliefs, customs, and symbolic practices of people |
| Kogi | Elder brother their task is to protect the land and enlighten the younger brother |
| Waroa | calabash of ruffled feathers: a magical trap for malevolent forces |
| Barasana | The first of their people came in canoes pulled by massive anacondas – with gifts from father sun: coca, manioc, and ayahuasca |
| Vodoun | living in harmony with the spirit world through rituals, divination, and trance states to gain guidance and blessings. The religion also encompasses devotion to ancestors and nature, using practices such as offerings, animal sacrifice, and the creation of |
Created by:
Blaise1