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Bio Unit 1 Vocab
Bio Unit 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | bond that is formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another |
| covalent bond | a bond that is formed when atoms share 2 valence electrons |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| hydrogen bond | the attraction btwn a hydrogen atom w/ a partial positive charge & another atom w/ a partial negative charge |
| pH scale | a measurement system to indicate the concentration of h+ ions in a solution |
| acid | any compound that forms H+ ions in solutions ; pH value = 0-7 |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ( OH-) ions in a solution ; 8-14 on the pH scale ; also called alkaline |
| buffer | weak acids or bases that can react w/ strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus |
| van der Waals forces | attraction btwn (+) and (-) parts of different molecules |
| hydrophilic | attracted to the water molecules through hydrogen bonds |
| hydrophobic | avoid water; non-polar molecules share their electrons equally |
| functional group | group of atoms within a molecule that interacts with other molecules |
| polysaccharide | a type of polymer that are used for energy storage and structural material |
| starch | used for energy storage in plants |
| glycogen | used for energy storage in animals |
| fat | a type of lipid; used for energy storage |
| saturated fat | all carbons are full of hydrogen |
| unsaturated fat | all carbons are not full of hydrogen |
| steroid | chemical messengers within organisms |
| polymer | a group of monomers |
| carbohydrate | compounds made up of carbon , hydrogen, and oxygen atoms ; main source of energy for living things |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecules |
| monomers | large compounds of macromolecules |
| polymers | groups of monomers |
| lipids | 1 type of organic polymers; hydrophobic molecules |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus ; type of polymer |
| nucleotides | the type of monomer that makes. up the polymers in nucleic acids |
| protein (polypeptides) | macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; type of polymer |
| amino acids | polymers of proteins ; compounds w/ an amino group and carboxyl group on either end |
| denaturation | the unfolding of a protein |
| chemical reactions | a process that changes 1 set of chemicals into another |
| reactant | elements/compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| product | elements/ compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | proteins that act as biological catalysts |
| substrate | reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
Created by:
Sourpuss 2