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BioChem C2 : E1
Chapter 2 Exam 1
| Question | Answer | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| How many general amino acids are there? | 20 | ||
| What distinguishes amino acids from one another? | he different R side chain | ||
| What are the 3 categories for R groups? | Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Hydrophilic/Polar uncharged, Hydrophilic/Polar charged | ||
| What is the simplest amino acid? | Glycine | ||
| Is Glycine an L or D amino acid | neither ; glycine does not have any chirality because its "R" group is H+ | ||
| Alanine | Ala | A | Hydrophobic |
| Valine | Val | V | Hydrophobic |
| Phenylalanine | Phe | F | Hydrophobic |
| Tryptophan | Trp | W | Hydrophobic |
| Leucine | Leu | L | Hydrophobic |
| Isoleucine | Ile | I | Hydrophobic |
| Methionine | Met | M | Hydrophobic |
| Proline | Pro | P | Hydrophobic |
| Which amino acid is the start codon | Methionine | ||
| Proline fun fact | Proline is the only amino acid whose side chain loops back onto its own backbone | proline induces kinks in a polypeptide sequence | |
| which amino acid is achiral | Gly | ||
| Which amino acid introduces kinks in a polypeptide sequence | Pro | ||
| What are the hydrophobic amino acids? | Ala, Val, Phe, Trp, Leu, Iso, Met, Pro, Gly (9/20) | Alan Valets For Trip. Lucky Is Meeting Pro Golfers | |
| What are the hydrophilic uncharged amino acids? | Ser, The, Tyr, Asp, Glu, Cys, His (7/20) | Sir, those are my 3 bicycle tires, not his! thANkS queen! | |
| What are the hydrophilic charged amino acids | Asp, Glu, Lys, Arg | Argo was Glued to the Killer asp | |
| Which amino acid contains an imidazole functional group? | His | ||
| Can histidine be charged at certain pHs? | yes | ||
| Which amino acids are positively changed? | Lys, Arg | ||
| Which amino acids are negatively charged? | Asp, Glu | ||
| Serine | Ser | S | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Threonine | Thr | T | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Tyrosine | Tyr | Y | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Cysteine | Cys | C | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Asparagine | Asn | N | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Glutamine | Gln | Q | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Histidine | His | H | Hydrophilic uncharged |
| Aspartate | Asp | D | Hydrophilic charged |
| Glutamate | Glu | E | Hydrophilic charged |
| Lysine | Lys | K | Hydrophilic charged |
| Arginine | Arg | R | Hydrophilic charged |
| Lipids are _____ molecules | hydrophobic -> lipophilic -> non polar | ||
| What polymer do lipids form? | None | ||
| What are glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids? | Amphipathic molecules that form the lipid bilayer | ||
| What type of biological molecule is cholesterol? | Lipid | ||
| Lipid definition | biological molecule that are soluble in non-polar solvents and are largely insoluble in water | ||
| Lipid examples | Fatty acids, Triacylgylcerols, Glycerophopholipids, sphingolipids, isoprenoids, Cholesterol | ||
| What are fatty acids? | Fatty acids are long chain Hydrocarbons | ||
| What do fatty acid chains consist of? | Polar head (carboxylic acid) and Non-polar tail (hydrocarbon chain) | ||
| Fatty acids can be ____ with hydrogens | Saturated | ||
| Categories of fatty acid chains | Saturated, Unsaturated, Polysaturated | ||
| What confirmation are fatty acid double bonds usually in? | Cis | ||
| Fatty acids are usually esterified into ______ | triacyclglycerols | ||
| Fatty acid storage | Triacyclglycerols | ||
| Glycerophospholipids are a _____ | major component of cell membranes, Amphipathic | ||
| identify a glycerophopholipid | glycerol backbone (CH2-CH-CH2), Hydrophilic/ polar head (phospho group), hydrophobic tail (ketone body) | ||
| Sphingolipids | eukaryotic membranes alsp contain amphipathic lipids known as sphingolipids | ||
| Identify a sphingolipid | no glycerol backbone, amphipathic, | ||
| examples of shingolipid | sphingosine (serine) and sphingomyelin | ||
| cerebroside | sphingolipid, amphipathic, monosaccharide as head groups | ||
| ganglioside | sphingolipid, amphipathic, oligosaccharides as head groups | ||
| cholesterol is an amphipathic ________ | isoprenoid | ||
| how to identify cholesterol | 4 rings | ||
| Cholesterol is a _______ | steroid and is found in biological membranes | ||
| Cholesterol is a precursor to what? | metabolic precursor of steriod hormones such as estrogen and testosterone | ||
| What are the fat soluble vitamins? | A, D, E, K (isoprenoid derivatives) | ||
| What are some of the lipid molecules that are found in eukaryotic membranes | Glycerophospholipids, sphinglipids, cholesterol | ||
| two cysteine amino acids can form what bond | disulfide bond? | ||
| true or false, lipids can have a variety of functions? | true |
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