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lesson 3-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| crust | the thin layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface on land and in the ocean |
| mantle | the layer of very hot but mostly solid rock beneath Earth's crust, |
| core | the layer of Earth below the mantle |
| tectonic plate | one of the rigid layers of the lithosphere, |
| landform | a mountain, island, or continent formed by the collisions and separations of tectonic plates |
| deposition | the movement and accumulation of eroded soil |
| evaporation\ | a change in state from a liquid to a gas |
| transperation | a change in state from a liquid to a gas |
| precipitation | the return of water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, |
| condensation | a change in state from a vapor to a liquid, |
| aquifers | a spongelike formation of rock, sand, or gravel that holds water |
| groundwater | fresh water found below Earth's surface |
| law of conservation of matter | the principle that states that matter can change form but cannot be created or destroyed |
| Nutrient | matter that organisms need to carry out their life processes |
| biogeochemical cycles | the circulation of nutrients through the atmosphere; also called nutrient cycle, |
| primary producers | an organism that can capture energy from the sun or from chemicals and store it; also called autotroph |
| photosynthesis | the process by which primary producers use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, releasing oxygen |
| consumers | n organism that relies on other organisms for energy and nutrients; also called heterotroph |
| decomposers | an organism (e.g., a fungus or bacterium) that breaks down nonliving matter into simple parts that can then be taken up and reused by primary producers |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which organisms use oxygen to release the chemical energy of sugars, producing carbon dioxide and water |
| eutrophication | the introduction of phosphorus and nitrogen into a body of water that leads to an overgrowth of algae and other producers |
| Nitrogen fixation | he conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia |