Great courage or bravery, especially in battle or facing danger.

To struggle awkwardly or move clumsily (as in water or mud); to have difficulty doing or deciding something; a type of flat fish that lives on the ocean floor.

Not neat, tidy, or well-groomed; messy in appearance.

Pieces of broken or scattered material; rubble or wreckage; remains of something destroyed or discarded.

To wave or swing wildly, often when struggling; to struggle helplessly; a tool used for threshing grain.

Showing persistence and determination; stubbornly tenacious.

Floating wreckage or debris from a ship; discarded or worthless objects; people seen as drifting without purpose.

A raised edge beside a street; something that limits or controls; to control, limit, or restrain something.

Acting like a dictator; bossy or tyrannical; expecting others to obey without question.

The buying and selling of goods and services; trade or business activity between people or places.

To beg or plead in a humble or degrading way; to crawl or lie down to show submission or fear.

Showing lack of experience or wisdom; easily trusting; innocent or unsuspecting about the ways of the world.

A ban on trade or commerce with a specific country; to prohibit trade with another nation.

A device placed over an animal’s mouth to keep it from biting or eating; the nose and mouth area of an animal; to prevent someone from speaking freely.

Loyal, strong, and dependable; a faithful supporter or hard-working member.

An official order, command, or proclamation issued by someone in authority.

To gradually become smaller, weaker, or less over time.

Experienced and knowledgeable about life; focused on material things rather than spiritual matters.

Something that is forbidden or socially unacceptable; considered prohibited by custom or rule.

To condescend or lower oneself to do something one feels is beneath them.

Firm and unwilling to change one’s mind; unyielding or determined.

A social mistake or awkward error, often embarrassing; a blunder in speech or behavior.

To hesitate, stumble, or lose strength; to speak or move unsteadily.

Friendly, easy to talk to, and pleasant in manner.

A temporary failure or slip in judgment or memory; a passage of time; to come to an end or expire; to return to a previous, often worse, condition.

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WM 4-5 Fall 2025

Term	Definition
valor	Great courage or bravery, especially in battle or facing danger.
flounder	To struggle awkwardly or move clumsily (as in water or mud); to have difficulty doing or deciding something; a type of flat fish that lives on the ocean floor.
unkempt	Not neat, tidy, or well-groomed; messy in appearance.
debris	Pieces of broken or scattered material; rubble or wreckage; remains of something destroyed or discarded.
flail	To wave or swing wildly, often when struggling; to struggle helplessly; a tool used for threshing grain.
dogged	Showing persistence and determination; stubbornly tenacious.
flotsam	Floating wreckage or debris from a ship; discarded or worthless objects; people seen as drifting without purpose.
curb	A raised edge beside a street; something that limits or controls; to control, limit, or restrain something.
dictatorial	Acting like a dictator; bossy or tyrannical; expecting others to obey without question.
commerce	The buying and selling of goods and services; trade or business activity between people or places.
grovel	To beg or plead in a humble or degrading way; to crawl or lie down to show submission or fear.
naïve	Showing lack of experience or wisdom; easily trusting; innocent or unsuspecting about the ways of the world.
embargo	A ban on trade or commerce with a specific country; to prohibit trade with another nation.
muzzle	A device placed over an animal’s mouth to keep it from biting or eating; the nose and mouth area of an animal; to prevent someone from speaking freely.
stalwart	Loyal, strong, and dependable; a faithful supporter or hard-working member.
edict	An official order, command, or proclamation issued by someone in authority.
dwindle	To gradually become smaller, weaker, or less over time.
worldly	Experienced and knowledgeable about life; focused on material things rather than spiritual matters.
taboo	Something that is forbidden or socially unacceptable; considered prohibited by custom or rule.
deign	To condescend or lower oneself to do something one feels is beneath them.
adamant	Firm and unwilling to change one’s mind; unyielding or determined.
gaffe	A social mistake or awkward error, often embarrassing; a blunder in speech or behavior.
falter	To hesitate, stumble, or lose strength; to speak or move unsteadily.
affable	Friendly, easy to talk to, and pleasant in manner.
lapse	A temporary failure or slip in judgment or memory; a passage of time; to come to an end or expire; to return to a previous, often worse, condition.

Created by: Mrs. Cramer

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