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QMSN01E M1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pareto Diagram/Analysis | known as the "80/20" rule |
| Pareto | an italian economist that discovered this universal law that 80% of anything is attributed to 20% of its causes |
| Fishbone Diagram | is also known as Ishikawa Diagram or Cause and Effect Diagram |
| Fishbone Diagram | diagram helps to seperate causes from effects and to see problem in its totality |
| Fishbone Diagram | a systematic arrangement of all possible causes, generated thru brain storming. |
| Histogram | is a graphic summary of variation in a set of data. its pictorial nature enables us to see patterns that are difficult to see in a simple table of numbers |
| Bell-shaped distribution | is the normal, natural distribution of data from a normally operating process |
| Double-peaked distribution | is usually a combination of two bell shaped distributions and suggests that two distinct processes are at work |
| Plateau distribution | is likely the result of many different bell-shaped distributions with centers spread evenly throughout the range of the data |
| Comb distribution | typically indicates data errors |
| Skewed distribution | typically occurs when a practical limit, exists on one side and is relatively close to the nominal value. It is not inherently bad, but a team should question the impact of values in the long tail |
| Truncated distribution | is often a smooth, bell shaped distribution with a part of the distribution removed or truncated by some external force. |
| Isolated-peak distribution | suggests that two distinct processes are at work. but the small size of second peak indicates an abnormality that doesn't happen often or regularly |
| Edge-peaked distribution | occurs when the extended tails of the smooth distribution has been cut off and lumped into a single category at the edge of the range of the data. this shape very frequently indicates inaccurate recording of the data |
| Flowcharts | are perhaps the most popular out of the 7 quality tools and is used to visualize the sequence of steps in a process, event, workflow, system and highlights the relationship between steps and the process boundaries |
| Flowcharts | use a standard set of symbols and its important to standardize the use of these symbols so anyone can understand and use them easily |
| Actvitiy symbol | is a simple rectangle box which gives a brief description of an activity process |
| Decision symbol | is a diamond shaped box used to denote any point in the process where there is a decision |
| Terminal symbol | is a rather flat rectangle with rounded corners used to denote beginning and end of a process or sub process |
| Flow lines | have an arrow at the end, indicating the process flow to the next activity step |
| Document symbol | has the sahpe of a printout or paper and is used when the activity described is a printed form |
| Database symbol | is a cylinder and is used when the activity involves access to or retrieval from a database |
| Wait symbol | is a trapezoid, providing a means to show where normal processing is halted or suspended to be continued later on |
| Connector or continuity symbol | is a circle with a letter or number in it used to denote a break point in the process |
| Flowchart symbols | standard set of symbols used in flowcharts |
| 5 Whys | is a question-asking technique used to explore the cause and effect relationships underlying a particular problem. the primary goal of the technique is to determine the root cause of a defect or problem |
| root cause | is rarely an initiating cause of a causal chain which leads to an outcome or effect of interest. |
| root cause | it is commonly misused to describe the depth in causal chain where an intervention could reasonably be implemented to change performance and prevent and prevent an undesirable outcome |
| technique, cause-and-effect | The 5 Why's is a question-asking ___ used to explore the ___ relationship underlying a particular problem |
| root cause, defect | the primary goal of the technique is to determine the __ of a __ or problem |
| cause, casual chain | A root cause is rarely an initiating ___ of a ____ which leads to an outcome or effect of interest |
| Check sheet | is one of the seven basic quality tools. it is a simple form you can use to collect data in an organized manner |
| Check sheet | help organize data by category. they show how many times a particular value occurs |
| Control chart | it graphically represents the output of the process and uses statistical limits and patterns of plot for decision making |
| Quality control charts | are graphs on which the quality of the product is plotted as manufacturing or servicing is actually proceeding |
| x̄ and R | sample size is large, generally about 10, typically between 3 to 5; subgroup ave can be computed conveniently; heterogeneous |
| x̄ and s | sample size is large, usually greater than 10; subgroup ave and sd can be computed conveniently; heterogeneous |
| median (x_barcurled) and R | sample size is about 10 or less; subgroup ave cant be computed conveniently; heterogeneous |
| X and MR | homogeneous and for destructive tests |
| p Chart | the interest is in nonconforming units and sample size may not be constant, usually greater than 50 |
| np Chart | the interest is nonconforming units and sample size is constant, usually greater than 50 |
| c Chart | the interest is in nonconformities and sample size is constant |
| u Chart | the interest is in nonconformities and sample size may not be constant |
Created by:
romulols