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APEH unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why did the protestant reformation happen? | clerical immorality, low church standards, and pluralism (when no one did their jobs) |
| Martin Luther | Friar who started the protestan reformation when he realized the immorality of the church and the selling of indulgences |
| 95 theses | 95 reasons why indulgences and other corrupt things the catholic church did were bad, theses supposed to be burned but word spread quickly |
| Protestant thought | teach new testament, life rested on the scriptures, 1: how you can be saved in faith 2:authority rests on cripture alone 3: invisibility of the church 4: everyone should serve god |
| Impacts of theses | priests had more responsibilities, priests had to be educated, more literacy, marriage more like a mutual support |
| Germany and the protestants | Charles the V fights protestant princes, and the empire in turmoil recognizes german princes, peace of augsburg 1555 allowed princes to decide to be catholic or protestant |
| English remormation | Henry the 8th declares himself the supreme head of the church (requires oath), mary ruled after henry (very unpopular) and tried to make england catholic, but elizabeth I established the anglican church |
| What did mary do? | tried to assasinate Elizabeth with Phillip II of Spain, 1588 spanish fleet meets english fleet and english win tremendously, battle of english channel (very decisive win) |
| growth of reformation | in geneva john calvin makes calvinism (predestination) and this is the foundation for the presbyterians (founded by john Knox in scotland), huguenots |
| Anabaptists | only baptized adults, very pacifist, separated church and state, foundation for quakers, baptists, congregationalists, and 1st amend |
| Catholic reformation | responding to protestants with renewal through spiritual fervor and reforms |
| council of trent | calvinism and lutheranism rejected, reforms: Bishops must remain in own district and must visit everyone in their district, no pluralism, indulgences, or concubines, new marriage regulations |
| religious order | religious subgroups new ones: 1st women, ursuline, jesuits, teresa |
| Roman inquisition | 6 cardinals in an attempt to fight heresey arrested, imprisoned, and executed supposed heretics and accepted hearsay as evidence, did not inform accused of charges, used torture |
| war of 3 henrys (in france) | huguenots killed and unpopular marriage started the war 3 henry's: guise (c), navarre (P), 3rd guise assasinated so navarre becomes henry the 4th, and he issued the edict of nantes (freedom of religion) |
| Netherlands revolt | Netherlans given to Phillip II and tried to enforce catholicism 7/17 provinces revolted forming the union of ultrecht, phillip asks elizabeth for help but she turns on him |
| 30 yrs war | after augsburg 2 leagues (P) + (C) then 2 catholics thrown out of a window = war, 4 phases, peace of westphalia in 1648 ended the war, recognized princes limits king authority, religious wars end in europe |
| 4 phases of the 30 yrs war | 1: Bohemian : Civil war in bohemia where C defeat P in White mountain 2: Danish: Christian IV of denmark helps P, C army crushes P (C + P get freedom) 3: Swedish: Gustavas (king of swe P) helps P in germany 4: French(C): hate HRE, they fight spain (C) |
| Malleaus maleficarum | P1: which witch? (Women) P2: Why witch? (Use devil) P3: how to put witch on trial? (Torture) |
| Attitudes towards women | religious wars make europeans paranoid and judgemental of the unknown, and women got the brunt of such issues |
| Women + Marriage | 1: children 2: no sin 3: companionship != equality Husband provides, the wife takes care of the house, Husband can beat wife, divorce Yes (P), prostitution common |
| Witch hunt | Witch= person who uses the devil, most believed in witches, Women (married, widowed, single, 50-70)+ midwives + scolding women targeted |
| Causes for european expansion | need spices, spread religion, get $$$$, get glory, know more about world, technological advancements |
Created by:
caneegre000