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APES Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intraspecific | competition between members of the same species |
| interspecific | competition between members of different species |
| competitive exclusion | 1 species is a stronger competitor than the other |
| coexisting species | species alter behaviors to minimize competition, altering their niche |
| niche | A species role in an ecosystem |
| selective pressure | when the environment pushes an individual or population to adapt or evolve |
| parasitism | One organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit |
| temperate deciduous forest | Extreme range of temperatures with different seasons Even precipitation throughout Trees lose leaves in winter |
| temperate grasslands | Extreme summers and winters Diminishing rainfall in different seasons Prairies Rich soil |
| temperate rainforest | moderate temperatures high precipitation coastal |
| tropical rainforest | Constant, high precipitation High temperatures, dark, damp Most productive biome |
| tropical dry forest | Relatively high temperatures Distinct dry season Wet 50% of year, dry the other 50% |
| savanna | tropical grassland dry, tropical areas distinct wet and dry seasons high temperatures |
| desert | Extreme range of temperatures Very low precipitation Driest biome |
| Tundra | Very dry/little precipitation Very low temperatures Underground soil is permafrost Most directly impacted by climate change Least productive biome |
| boreal forest | Low temperatures Low precipitation Acidic soils Dominated by evergreen trees "Taiga" |
| Chaparral | Mild, wet winters Dry, hot summers Dense thicket of shrubs "shrubland" |
| intertidal | biome between high and low tide |
| marshland | low lying wetlands near shorelines tides washing over sandy substrates "salt marshes" |
| mangroves | along coasts protect shorelines provide a place for organism to thrive on |
| estuary | where ocean saltwater meets stream freshwater creates brackish water fluctuating salinity one of most productive |
| coral reef | The most diverse marine biome on Earth found in warm, shallow waters beyond the shoreline have symbiotic relationship with algae and zooxanthellae |
| open ocean | plankton is basis of food web ecosystems form around deep hydrothermal vents using chemosynthesis |
| carbon reservoirs | living organisms atmosphere ocean (2nd largest) sedimentary rock (largest) fossil fuels |
| carbon steps | photosynthesis consumption respiration combustion decomposition |
| nitrogen reservoirs | atmosphere soil plants |
| nitrogen steps | fixation ammonification nitrification assimilation dentrification |
| phosphorus reservoirs | above land rock soil/sedimentary rock ocean atmosphere |
| phosphorus steps | weathering of rock assimilation consumption decomposition |
| water reservoirs | ocean ice caps streams |
| water steps | precipitation accumulation evaporation condensation |
| primary productivity | rate of photosynthesis |
| gross primary productivity | total energy produced by photosynthesis |
| net primary productivity | gross p.p. - respiration |
| productivity | rate at which energy is converted to biomass |
| photic zone | Top layer of the ocean where solar energy is absorbed and primary productivity occurs |
| pelagic zone | Middle layer of the ocean |
| benthic zone | Bottom layer of the ocean |
| tropic level | rank in the feeding hierarchy |
| 10% | The amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to another |
Created by:
elizabeth.carney